Screening of Anxiolytic and Antidepressant of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Syzygium Cumini in Mice

Background: Anxiety and depression are very common in clinical practice and reduce the overall quality of life. In recent years, various researchers have focused on natural products which are derived from medicinal plants. Studies suggested that diet rich in flavonoids, vitamins and antioxidants are the important components in reduction of anxiety and depression. Objective: Hence current investigation was aimed to assess the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of Syzygium cumini in mice at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg. Methods: These effects were mainly evaluated twice at 8th and 15th days by elevated plus maze, open field test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Results and Conclusion: In open field test S. cumini showed escalation rearing in numbers and its duration which indicates improved exploratory behavior and locomotor activity of the animals. In EPM, there was increase in entries numbers and time spent in open arm. Decrease in immobility duration observed at low dose while high dose increased immobility duration in FST. Hence outcomes of current study indicate that S. cumini have anxiolytic and anti-depressant effect.

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Assessment of antidepressant and sedative-hypnotic activities of methanolic crude extracts of Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers. whole plants

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences ◽

10.2478/cipms-2020-0010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 51-55

Author(s):

Ananta Sutra Dhar ◽

Mahbubur Rahman ◽

Md. Rajdoula Rafe ◽

Md. Islam Molla

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Antidepressant Activity ◽

Tail Suspension Test ◽

Board Test ◽

Hole Board ◽

Swimming Test ◽

Hole Board Test ◽

Whole Plants

AbstractIn this study, methanolic crude extracts of Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers. (MESJ) whole plants were examined for possible antidepressant and sedative-hypnotic activities. Herein, the forced swimming test and tail suspension test were conducted to explore the antidepressant activity. In addition, the open field test and hole-board test were performed to evaluate the sedative-hypnotic activities. In the acute toxicity test, the MESJ ensured safety up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg, p.o. The experimental doses were 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. In both the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, the extract significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) inhibited immobility time in a dose dependent manner compared to the control. These results (13.56-26.46% inhibition) indicate the mild antidepressant activity of MESJ compared to nortriptyline (60.4-64.6% inhibition). The open field test and hole-board test demonstrated the dose dependent significant (p<0.001, p<0.01 and p<0.05) and moderate sedative-hypnotic activities of the extract compared to diazepam. However, these activities were found to gradually decrease after 60 min in the open field test and must be considered as short-term activities, compared to diazepam. It can be claimed that the methanolic crude extract of Stephania japonica possesses mild antidepressant and moderate but short-term sedative-hypnotic activities.

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Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/121794 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽

Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽

Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽

Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽

Carlos M. Contreras

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Chloride Channels ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Gaba Binding ◽

Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

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Progesterone withdrawal effects in the open field test can be predicted by elevated plus maze performance

Hormones and Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.03.002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 208-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Magnus Löfgren ◽

Inga-Maj Johansson ◽

Bengt Meyerson ◽

Per Lundgren ◽

Torbjörn Bäckström

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Maze Performance ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Withdrawal Effects

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Montanoa frutescensandMontanoa grandifloraExtracts Reduce Anxiety-Like Behavior during the Metestrus-Diestrus Phase of the Ovarian Cycle in Wistar Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/938060 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽

Julio Vicente-Serna ◽

Luis Alfredo Rodríguez-Blanco ◽

María de Jesús Rovirosa-Hernández ◽

Francisco García-Orduña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Ovarian Cycle ◽

Male Rats ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Estrus Phase

In previous studies, the anxiolytic-like effects ofMontanoa tomentosaandMontanoa frutescenswere reported in male rats, but the potential anxiolytic-like effects ofMontanoaplants during the different phases of the ovarian cycle in rats remain to be explored. The anxiolytic-like effects of the aqueous crude extracts ofM. frutescens(25 and 50 mg/kg) andM. grandiflora(25 and 50 mg/kg) in the elevated plus maze were investigated in Wistar rats during the estrous cycle and compared with 2 mg/kg diazepam as a reference anxiolytic drug. To investigate any motor effect (i.e., hyperactivity, no changes, or hypoactivity) associated with the treatments, the rats were evaluated in the open field test. TheM. frutescens(25 and 50 mg/kg) andM. grandiflora(50 mg/kg) extracts exerted anxiolytic-like effects during the metestrus-diestrus phase, similar to diazepam, without disrupting spontaneous motor activity. No significant effects of the extracts were detected in either behavioral test during the proestrus-estrus phase, whereas diazepam produced motor hypoactivity in the open field test. These results indicate that theM. frutescensandM. grandifloraextracts possess anxiolytic-like effects that depend on the ovarian cycle phase, supporting the Mexican ancient medicinal use of these plants to ameliorate anxiety disorders.

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Effect of Short Time Exposure of Local ELF-MFs on Sleepiness Induced in Male Rats

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal ◽

10.32598/bcn.2022.2610.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Elnaz Azizi ◽

◽

Fatemeh Ayoobi ◽

Ali Shamsizadeh ◽

Amir Moghadam-Ahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Male Rats ◽

Time Exposure ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Before And After ◽

Short Time

Introduction: Lack of high-quality sleep causes serious side effects like anxiety and changes in plasma concentration of oxalate. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of local extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on inducing sleep (sleepiness) and anxiety in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were allocated in four groups (n=10). The ELF-MFs exposure (0, 10 and 18 Hz) was applied with intensity 200µT for three days (10 min/day). Sham-treated animal did not receive ELF-MF. Serum level of oxalic acid (OA) and sleepiness were measured both before first and after last exposure to ELF-MF or sham. Anxiety, sleepiness and OA were measured by using elevated plus maze, open-field test (OFT) and ELISA test, respectively. Results: Comparison of oxalate levels between before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed that ELF-MF (10 Hz) decreased the serum level of oxalate (p<0.05). Comparison of the percent of open:closed arm entry (in elevated plus maze) between before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed significant differences. Also, frequency, velocity and distance moved were decreased in the open-field test. Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that ELF-MF with short time exposure may modulate the metabolism of OA and may modulate anxiety-like behavior or kind of induction of sleepiness in male rats.

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Estimation of the Level of Anxiety in Rats: Differences in Results of Open-Field Test, Elevated Plus-Maze Test, and Vogel’s Conflict Test

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10517-013-2136-y ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 155 (3) ◽

pp. 295-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S. K. Sudakov ◽

G. A. Nazarova ◽

E. V. Alekseeva ◽

V. G. Bashkatova

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽

Maze Test ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Conflict Test ◽

Vogel's Conflict Test

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Experimental Evaluation of Vitamin - D Supplementation on Memory and Learning Using Different Animal Models in Albino Rat

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i3430969 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 103-110

Author(s):

Namrata Rajendra Pawar ◽

Yogita Surendra Karandikar ◽

Uma Anand Bhosale ◽

Prachi Doiphode

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Experimental Evaluation ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Reference Memory ◽

Radial Arm Maze ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Plus Maze

Aim: We conducted this study with the aim to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 on spatial learning and memory in healthy young albino rat. Study Design: Experimental evaluation. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital (SKNMCGH), Pune, between October 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: All the pharmacological experiments were conducted using Wistar albino rats (n=6), weighing between 100 g – 150 g. Total 18 animals (9 male and 9 female) were screened and marked into 3 different groups (6 in each group) Control (Normal saline 10 ml/kg), Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol 1000 IU/kg) and standard (Piracetam 200 mg/kg). Drugs were administered per os for 21 days. Elevated Plus Maze (Transfer Latency), Open Field Test (Rearing, Locomotion), Radial Arm Maze (Working and Reference memory) were used as amnesic models and their parameters for evaluation of this study. Results: After 21 days of treatment among all the three groups, Transfer Latency (p=9.55) in elevated plus maze, Working memory (p=0.454) and Reference memory (p=0.929) observed in radial 8 arm maze were non significant. In open field apparatus pellets count was significant (0.010), rest all parameters were non significant. Conclusion: The result of study suggests that no significant beneficial effect of Vitamin D was seen on various learning models as assessed by Elevated Plus Maze, Radial Arm Maze, Open Field Test.

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A Novel Nutraceutical Formulation Can Improve Motor Activity and Decrease the Stress Level in a Murine Model of Middle-Age Animals

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040624 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 624

Author(s):

Dimitris Tsoukalas ◽

Ovidiu Zlatian ◽

Mihaela Mitroi ◽

Elisavet Renieri ◽

Aristidis Tsatsakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

The Elderly ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽

Maze Test ◽

Plus Maze

Ageing is a genetically programmed physiological process that is modulated by numerous environmental factors, associated with decreasing physiological function, decreasing reproductive rate and increasing age-related mortality rate. Maintaining mobility performance and physical function in the elderly is the main objective of the successful ageing concept. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of a novel nutraceutical formulation containing Centella asiatica L. extract, vitamin C, zinc and vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol) on motor activity and anxiety with the use of a murine model of old animals, as a means of providing proof for clinical use in the elderly, for enhancing physical strength and improving life quality. Eighteen Sprague Dawley 18 months old male rats were divided into three groups and received corn oil (the control group) or 1 capsule/kg bw Reverse supplement (treatment group 1) or 2 capsules/kg bw Reverse supplement (treatment group 2), for a period of 3 months. The Reverse supplement (Natural Doctor S.A, Athens, Greece) contains 9 mg Centella asiatica L. extract, vitamin C (200 mg as magnesium ascorbate), zinc (5 mg as zinc citrate), vitamin D3 (50 µg as cholecalciferol) per capsule. Before and after the treatment, the motor function and behavioral changes for anxiety and depression were evaluated using the open-field test, elevated plus-maze test and rotarod test. The supplementation with Reverse (Natural Doctor S.A) supplement can improve the locomotor activity in old rats in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by an increase in the latency to leave from the middle square, in the number of rearings in the open field test, in the time spent in the open arms and time spent in the center in the elevated plus-maze test and the latency to all in all three consecutive trials in the rotarod test. Stress also decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, following the treatment with Reverse supplement, as was demonstrated by the decrease in the number of groomings at the open field test and time spent in the dark and the number of groomings at the elevated plus-maze test.

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