scholarly journals Assessment of antidepressant and sedative-hypnotic activities of methanolic crude extracts of Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers. whole plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Ananta Sutra Dhar ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Md. Rajdoula Rafe ◽  
Md. Islam Molla
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractIn this study, methanolic crude extracts of Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers. (MESJ) whole plants were examined for possible antidepressant and sedative-hypnotic activities. Herein, the forced swimming test and tail suspension test were conducted to explore the antidepressant activity. In addition, the open field test and hole-board test were performed to evaluate the sedative-hypnotic activities. In the acute toxicity test, the MESJ ensured safety up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg, p.o. The experimental doses were 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. In both the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, the extract significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) inhibited immobility time in a dose dependent manner compared to the control. These results (13.56-26.46% inhibition) indicate the mild antidepressant activity of MESJ compared to nortriptyline (60.4-64.6% inhibition). The open field test and hole-board test demonstrated the dose dependent significant (p<0.001, p<0.01 and p<0.05) and moderate sedative-hypnotic activities of the extract compared to diazepam. However, these activities were found to gradually decrease after 60 min in the open field test and must be considered as short-term activities, compared to diazepam. It can be claimed that the methanolic crude extract of Stephania japonica possesses mild antidepressant and moderate but short-term sedative-hypnotic activities.

scholarly journals Screening of Anxiolytic and Antidepressant of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Syzygium Cumini in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Ahad Abdul Rehman ◽  
Azra Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Arif Asghar ◽  
Bushra Sikandar ◽  
Moona Baig
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Immobility Duration ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Swimming Test

Background: Anxiety and depression are very common in clinical practice and reduce the overall quality of life. In recent years, various researchers have focused on natural products which are derived from medicinal plants. Studies suggested that diet rich in flavonoids, vitamins and antioxidants are the important components in reduction of anxiety and depression. Objective: Hence current investigation was aimed to assess the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of Syzygium cumini in mice at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg. Methods: These effects were mainly evaluated twice at 8th and 15th days by elevated plus maze, open field test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Results and Conclusion: In open field test S. cumini showed escalation rearing in numbers and its duration which indicates improved exploratory behavior and locomotor activity of the animals. In EPM, there was increase in entries numbers and time spent in open arm. Decrease in immobility duration observed at low dose while high dose increased immobility duration in FST. Hence outcomes of current study indicate that S. cumini have anxiolytic and anti-depressant effect.

Neuropharmacological Activity of Various Fractions Obtained from Solanum aethiopicum (Linn.) Fruit in Mice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
A.R. Abubakar ◽  
◽  
I.H. Sani ◽  
S. Malami ◽  
A.H. Yaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test

Background: Solanum aethiopicum (L.), family Solanaceae, is known as garden eggs. The fruit is used in the treatment of insomnia, diabetes and constipation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiolytic-like activity of fractions obtained from crude methanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum fruit. Method: Acute toxicity testing was conducted according to the OECD guidelines 420 via oral and intraperitoneal routes (ip). n-Hexane (HF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl-acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and residual aqueous fraction (RAF) at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg ip were experimented using the open field, elevated plus maze, staircase, light dark box and hole-board tests. Results: Results: In open field test, there was statistically significant increase in frequency of central square entry by EAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg and RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg all at p<0.05 compared to distilled water (D/W) group. Elevated plus maze test showed statistically significant increases in open arm entry and duration by CHF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg again at p<0.05. Also, in the staircase test, statistically significant decrease in frequency of rearing with no effect on step climbing was observed by RAF 25mg/kg (p< 0.05) compared to D/W. Light and dark box test produced increased light box entry and duration by EAF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/ kg at p<0.05. Furthermore, the hole -board test showed statistically significant increases in number of head dips by EAF 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg as well as RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg at p<0.05. Conclusion: The fractions obtained from Solanum aethiopicum fruits possesses anxiolytic-like activity.

scholarly journals Correlation between behavioral alterations and dopamine changes in mice experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ossamy Al-Namroty ◽  
Raafat Mohamed Shaapan ◽  
Amal Abdul-Rasheed El-Moamly ◽  
Eman Moustafa Al-Hamshary
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
The Brain

The mechanism of the parasite to induce alterations in host behavior is suggested due to changes in the dopaminergic system. This study aims to clarify the effects of latent toxoplasmosis on infected mice's behavior and to assess the dopamine neurotransmitter in their brains. Experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and monitoring of behavioral alterations in mice using open field and hole-board tests were carried. Mice were sacrificed, then brains histo-pathologically and neuro-chemically assessed. Open field test revealed a decrease in locomotion in both infected mice genders, whereas the hole-board test displayed an increased level of exploration only by infected female mice. Significant changes in the dopamine concentration in the brain with regard to status of infection were detected. The results suggest an association between T. gondii infection and changes in the behavior. Neuromodulators may represent an ideal mechanism by which T. gondii, at least in part of the expression, can influence the behavior of the infected animal or even human host.

scholarly journals Neurobehavioral and neuroprotective role of captopril in the rotenone model of rat Parkinsonism

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3523-3534
Author(s):  
Prakash KG ◽  
Bannur BM ◽  
Madhavrao C ◽  
Saniya K ◽  
Sudha M J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Suspension Test

Angiotensin-converting enzymes are increasingly being tested in therapeutics of Parkinsonism. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavioral changes and neuroprotective role of captopril in the rotenone model of Parkinsonism in rats. Adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of six each. Parkinsonism was induced with rotenone (3 mg/Kg intraperitoneal) in three groups. The experimental group was treated with captopril (20 mg/kg intraperitoneal). The effects were compared with a standard group treated with levodopa (12 mg/Kg) and Benserazide (3 mg/Kg). Behavioral effects were evaluated by the rotarod test, spontaneous locomotor activity, hole board test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test. Neuroprotection was noted with an estimation of glutathione and lipid peroxidation from rat brain homogenate. Levels of dopamine, serotonin, and GABA were also noted. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the brain evaluated for any histoarchitectural changes. Rats pre-treated with captopril have shown a significant increase in the duration of stay in the rotarod test, a significant increase in the number of head dipping in hole board test, significant lower duration of immobility in forced swim test and tail suspension test. Captopril has a significant neuroprotective role, as evidenced by a significant decrease in levels of glutathione and a significant increase in lipid peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and MAO-B levels. Captopril has significant effects on brain neurotransmitters, as evidenced by dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. Captopril has shown significant neuronal protection by increased expression of Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry in rotenone-induced PD. Captopril has shown significant improvement in motor coordination (as evidenced through rotarod test), exploratory behavior (hole board test), depression (forced swimming test, and tail suspension test). Captopril significantly reduces oxidative stress conditions. Captopril has not shown major histoanatomical changes in the rotenone model. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; neuroprotection; dopaminergic neurons; Parkinsonism; rotenone model

scholarly journals Neuropharmacological and gastrointestinal evaluation of coloring agent metanil yellow used in food and beverages

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Md Arfanur Rahman ◽  
Arpon Krishna Bala ◽  
Md Ataur Rahman ◽  
Md Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Runa Masuma
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Metanil Yellow ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Coloring Agents

Metanil yellow as a coloring agent is widely used in food industry to make food more appealing, appetizing and informative. Regulatory organization like FDA maintains strict rules but in our country coloring agents are at randomly used. This study is designed to evaluate side effects of metanil yellow on central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract in mice. Open field, hole board and hole cross tests were done to evaluate the effects of central nervous system; while castor oil and magnesium sulfate induced diarrheal tests were done to observe the effects on gastrointestinal tract. The mice were administered a dose of 5 gm/kg body weight of metanil yellow considered as 1x dose (MTYx) and another dose of 20 gm/kg body weight of metanil yellow considered as 4x dose (MTY4x). In the study, the metanil yellow exhibited central nervous system stimulatory effects based on hole cross test (p=000***, p=.003**, p=000***, p=.001***), hole board test (p=.03*, p=.005**, p=.041*, p=0.018*), and open field test (p=0.004**, p=.002**, p=.002**, p=.011*, p=0.008*). On the other hand gastrointestinal test results failed to show a significant effect (p=.04*). Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 8(1): 35-44, 2019 (June)

scholarly journals Antidepressant effect of methanol root bark extract of Acacia seyal Del. (Fabaceae): Possible involvement of the inflammatory pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459-1464
Author(s):  
Aishatu Shehu ◽  
Bishio Anyip ◽  
Mohammed Garba Magaji
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Suspension Test ◽  
Acacia Seyal

Purpose: To study the involvement of inflammatory pathways in the antidepressant activity of Acacia seyal in mice.Methods: The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract Acacia seyal (AS) was determined using OECD guideline 425. The antidepressant activity of AS was assessed against BCG (0.2 mg/kg, ip)-induced depression in mice using Tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT) at 4, 24 and 48  hours post BCG administration.Results: The median lethal dose (LD50) for the extract was > 5000 mg/kg orally. The extract AS at all tested doses (250 – 1000 mg/kg) significantly (p ≤ 0.001) decreased the duration of immobility in TST but increased the number of line crossing in OFT post-BCG.Conclusion: The antidepressant activity of the methanol root bark extract of Acacia seyal in mice may involve an inflammatory mechanism. Thus, the extract of Acacia seyal may be suitable for the management of depression in humans resistant to other conventional antidepressant agents. However, further studies are required to ascertain this Keywords: Depression, Acacia seyal, Tail suspension test, Open field test, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sedative Activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Ceiba Pentandra Linn (Malvaceae) Using Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hole Board Test

Background: Insomnia and other associated disorders have been traditionally managed using leaves of Ceiba pentandra (Malvaceae). Methods: In this study, sedative and anxiolytic properties of methanol leaf extract of Ceiba pentandra using mice were evaluated. Acute toxicity study and phytochemical screening of the extract were also determined using standard protocols. The sedative effect of the extract was evaluated using Diazepam and ketamine- induced sleep, hole board test and mouse beam walk assay, whereas the anxiolytic activity was studied using open field, elevated plus maze and elevated stair case tests. Results: The intraperitonial LD50 of the methanol leaf extract of Ceiba pentandra was estimated to be 2150 mg/kg body weight in mice. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the positive reaction of saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins. The extract at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg shortened the onset of sleep and prolonged the duration of diazepam-induced sleep. The extract at all doses tested (150,300 and 600 mg/kg) had no effect on mean onset of sleep but significantly (p<0.05) prolonged the duration of ketamine-induced sleep when compared with normal saline treated group. The extract at the doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of head dips when compared with the control group in the Hole-board test. The extract at all doses tested has no effect on the mean time spent on the beam. However, at the dose of 600 mg/kg, it significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of foot slips made by mice when compared with the control group. In the open field test, the extract at all doses tested (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of peripheral square crossing without any effect on the number of centre square crossing. The extract had no effect on the mean number of open arm and closed arm entries, time spent in open arm and time spent in the closed arm. In the elevated staircase test, the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the number of stairs climbed and the number of rearing. Conclusion: The results of this work revealed that methanol leaf extract of Ceiba pentandra contains bioactive components that possess sedative properties and hence can be used to treat insomnia in the nearest future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-depressant, Anti-anxiety and Muscle Relaxant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Aerva javanica Roots

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Mohammed Waqas ◽  
Peeyush Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Yadav ◽  
Mohammad Asif
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity

Aims: To evaluate anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and muscle relaxant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Aerva javanica roots in various experimental animal models. Study Design: Animal study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Bilwal Medchem and Research Laboratory, Jaipur from July 2021-August 2021. Methodology: The root powder of Aerva javanica was extracted with hydroalcoholic solvent (70% ethanol). The hydroalcoholic extract at three doses 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg was checked for anti-depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant activity in the experimental animal models. To determine the anti-depressant activity tail suspension test, locomotor activity, open field test, and MAO inhibitor assay were done; to determine the anti-anxiety activity hole board test was used; and to determine the skeletal muscle relaxant activity rotarod test, grip strength test, and chimney test were done. Results: In the tail suspension test, the extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the duration of immobility compared to normal control (p<0.0001). The extract at dose 400 mg/kg significantly reduced MAO-A and MAO-B activity compared to the normal control group (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). The extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were able to decrease locomotor activity in actophotomoter and increased time spent in centre square in open field test revealing the sedative effect of the extract. In hole board test, the extract at dose 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly increased number of head dip count (p<0.0001 and p<0.001) respectively. In the rotarod test, the extract at dose 200 and 400 mg/kg decreased the time spent on the rotating rod (p<0.0001), compared to normal control. Similarly, in the grip strength test the extract at dose 200 and 400 mg/kg decreased the time spend on suspended wire revealing the skeletal muscle relaxant property of the test extract. Conclusion: Based on the result, it can be concluded that the extract exert anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and skeletal muscle relaxant like activity in the experimental rat which was hypothesized to be attributed to the flavonoids present in the hydroalcoholic root extract of Aerva javanica.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ferulic Acid in Alcohol Withdrawal Induced Anxiety and Depression in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Suraj Kotwal ◽  
Aman B. Upaganlawar ◽  
Manoj Mahajan ◽  
Chandrashekhar Upasani
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes ◽  
Test Hole

Background: Anxiety and depression are the most important troubling symptoms of continuous alcoholism. Objective: The present study was designed to examine the protective effects of ferulic acid in alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety and depression in experimental mice. Methods: Male albino mice were divided into different groups. They were received 10% ethanol (2 g/kg; p.o.) twice on the first day and once on successive days for total six days, after 24 hrs. Withdrawal symptoms were observed using the different model for anxiety and depression such as elevated plus maze, open field test, hole board test, marble burying test and tail suspension test. Ferulic acid was tested as 10 and 20 mg/ kg, orally. Results: Treatment with ferulic acid (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o) showed significant reduction of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in different models. Taken together our result showed a protective effect in alcohol withdrawal anxiety and depression as tested in well-established animal models. Conclusion: The present study showed that ferulic acid dose-dependently prevents alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety and depression in mice.

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