Using layers

Author(s):  
Rein Mägi ◽  
Heino Möldre

Computer Aided Design (CAD) has some specific features compared with hand-drawing. Quite beneficial opportunities arise using Layers. Object’s properties (color, linetype, lineweight) may be assigned individually to each object or grouped by belonging to a particular Layer (ByLayer). Layers are like transparent overlays on which we organize and group objects in a drawing. We can use Layers to control the visibility of objects and to assign properties to objects. Layers can be locked to prevent objects from being modified. Layer Properties Manager informs us about layers’ parameters and allows to change these values. We can change the name of a layer and any of its properties, including color and linetype and you can reassign objects from one layer to another. We can control which layer names are listed in the Layer Properties Manager and sort them by name or by property, such as color or visibility. We can save Layer settings as named layer states. We can then restore, edit, import them from other drawings and files, and export them for use in other drawings. Which number of Layers is optimal? The answer depends on several considerations – using every Layer should be adequately argumented. The skilled use of Layers can turn the construction process into a more flexible and rational one. But adding any new Layer must be justified. Otherwise, some uncomfortable problems could arise.

Author(s):  
A. N. Bozhko

Computer-aided design of assembly processes (Computer aided assembly planning, CAAP) of complex products is an important and urgent problem of state-of-the-art information technologies. Intensive research on CAAP has been underway since the 1980s. Meanwhile, specialized design systems were created to provide synthesis of assembly plans and product decompositions into assembly units. Such systems as ASPE, RAPID, XAP / 1, FLAPS, Archimedes, PRELEIDES, HAP, etc. can be given, as an example. These experimental developments did not get widespread use in industry, since they are based on the models of products with limited adequacy and require an expert’s active involvement in preparing initial information. The design tools for the state-of-the-art full-featured CAD/CAM systems (Siemens NX, Dassault CATIA and PTC Creo Elements / Pro), which are designed to provide CAAP, mainly take into account the geometric constraints that the design imposes on design solutions. These systems often synthesize technologically incorrect assembly sequences in which known technological heuristics are violated, for example orderliness in accuracy, consistency with the system of dimension chains, etc.An AssemBL software application package has been developed for a structured analysis of products and a synthesis of assembly plans and decompositions. The AssemBL uses a hyper-graph model of a product that correctly describes coherent and sequential assembly operations and processes. In terms of the hyper-graph model, an assembly operation is described as shrinkage of edge, an assembly plan is a sequence of shrinkages that converts a hyper-graph into the point, and a decomposition of product into assembly units is a hyper-graph partition into sub-graphs.The AssemBL solves the problem of minimizing the number of direct checks for geometric solvability when assembling complex products. This task is posed as a plus-sum two-person game of bicoloured brushing of an ordered set. In the paradigm of this model, the brushing operation is to check a certain structured fragment for solvability by collision detection methods. A rational brushing strategy minimizes the number of such checks.The package is integrated into the Siemens NX 10.0 computer-aided design system. This solution allowed us to combine specialized AssemBL tools with a developed toolkit of one of the most powerful and popular integrated CAD/CAM /CAE systems.


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