Engineering and computer-aided design in teaching biotechnology

Knowledge in engineering design is currently indispensable in many fields including bioengineering. The students attending the lecture course Engineering and Computer-Aided Design acquire the basic knowledge and skills in a very important language – graphics language. Understanding the objectives, purpose and fundamentals of the symbols and rules used in engineering design will be useful in studying other courses as well as will enable the students to apply this knowledge and skills in their professional work.

Engineering graphics’ knowledge: its persistence and application evaluation

The article deals with the knowledge of engineering graphics, obtained during studies and its application in architectural and constructional design. Data analysis was carried out and the relationship between the exams’ grades in lower and upper semesters was determined. The evaluations of the following subjects have been examined: General Engineering Graphics, Applied Engineering Graphics, Building Architecture and Structures 1, Building Architecture and Structures 2. The present paper describes the development of an approach that uses a real data set. The investigated data illustrates relevant concepts and methods in the application of introductory civil engineering. The creative use of students' scores evaluation data is recommended to facilitate the learning of civil engineering. The course has enrolments of approximately 250 students.

Skew quadrilateral membrane folding for lampshade design

Historically, Japanese traditional lampstand 'Andon', was manufactured from paper. And paper folding method was adopted into some Andon or western lampshade design. For example, Yoshimura/Diamond pattern, known as a structure of crashed cylinder, or a structure of building roof, that has been of beneficial use in commercial lampshade products. Yoshimura pattern structure includes a set of skew quadrilaterals which are not on a plane surface and each quadrilateral is constructed with 2 planar triangles. Development of Yoshimura pattern is constructed by one set of horizontal parallel lines at even intervals for valley fold and two sets of oblique parallel lines at even intervals for mountain fold. The author found that similar shape can be constructed from development which includes only mountain fold lines of Yoshimura pattern and this method has various applications. With proposed paper folding method, each skew quadrilateral is constructed by single curved surface. In this paper, the author first defined the principle of the proposed paper folding method, second, explained the. features of the shape made by the proposed method and the luminance distribution on the shape, third, indicated examples of applications of the proposed method. Finally, examples of application of the shape made by SQMF in the field of education are explained.

Texture mapping and lighting effects

The light mapping is a texturing method. It is useful because the common lighting required more computer recourses and various difficult calculations. All lighting and shading methods required powerful computers. In order to solve this problem we can use the light mapping. For this method we need two textures: first texture for surface detail and second texture for fighting simulation. The multitexturing is the best way to realise the combination of the two textures. All three graphics programing platforms (DirectX, OpenGL and WebGL) have the opportunity to implement a light mapping. WebGL is a special branch of OpenGL that is responsible while using the Internet. All of these platforms allow Multitexturing.. Its realization is analogous. But light mapping requires few resources to extract the lighting effects. It is therefore interesting to realize light mapping WebGL platform. Realization is successful and the code is running in real time. The result is the lighting effect, which looks like a really calculated lighting.

Geometric approach to the revitalization process of medieval Serbian monasteries

Among the standard approaches concerning cultural heritage preservation, the architectural point of view deserves particular attention. The special place in medieval Serbian history of architecture belongs to the world famous monastery complexes Studenica, Dečani and Gračanica. Beside them numerous significant monuments (churches and monasteries) exist as witnesses of the national testimony, currently in the state of ruins, archaeological sites, or damaged ones. A lot of them have adequate needs for revitalisation, where the start point is engineering documentation. The focus of the research is on the role of specific geometric and engineering graphics tasks when these areas are concerning. Monastery church devoted to Introduction of Holy Theotokos in village Slavkovica (near town Ljig), with three old sarcophaguses, dated back to 15th century, is presented and analysed from several aspects:measuring, architectural style characteristics - geometric design, 3D modelling (classical-CAD and terrestrial photogrammetric) with visualization and presentation.The attention was paid on preservation of authentic architectural style and medieval building techniques, which allow imperfections in realization.The opinion of experienced scientists and specialists involved in all the phases of monument's revitalisation has been followed as a guideline to the final result – a proposed geometric design of the revitalised church in Slavkovica.

Mutual support and usage of CAD systems

Usage of different CAD systems for engineers is a true reality, therefore it is very useful for a specialist to be able to use different programs. Modern graphic programs (AutoCAD, SolidEdge) do have many similar opportunities but they also contain some very specific dissimilarities. It is necessary to be able to use several of those programs however it could be a problem for a future engineer to be able to find enough time to be able to get familiar with all CAD programs out there. In the article are compare functions of two different graphic programs and look at the possibility of usage both CAD systems to work with drawings.

Using layers

Computer Aided Design (CAD) has some specific features compared with hand-drawing. Quite beneficial opportunities arise using Layers. Object’s properties (color, linetype, lineweight) may be assigned individually to each object or grouped by belonging to a particular Layer (ByLayer). Layers are like transparent overlays on which we organize and group objects in a drawing. We can use Layers to control the visibility of objects and to assign properties to objects. Layers can be locked to prevent objects from being modified. Layer Properties Manager informs us about layers’ parameters and allows to change these values. We can change the name of a layer and any of its properties, including color and linetype and you can reassign objects from one layer to another. We can control which layer names are listed in the Layer Properties Manager and sort them by name or by property, such as color or visibility. We can save Layer settings as named layer states. We can then restore, edit, import them from other drawings and files, and export them for use in other drawings. Which number of Layers is optimal? The answer depends on several considerations – using every Layer should be adequately argumented. The skilled use of Layers can turn the construction process into a more flexible and rational one. But adding any new Layer must be justified. Otherwise, some uncomfortable problems could arise.

Production-integrated quality-control using optical measurement techniques

In today’s manufacturing processes, optical measurement techniques are becoming increasingly popular for on-line quality control. This fast and cheap technique enables manufacturers to not only check single points given by an inspection plan, but entire surfaces. This paradigm change brings new possibilities as well as new challenges to the inspection process. We devised software and technologies that achieve a seamless integration of optical measurement techniques into the existing workflow in the production process from design and prototyping up to series production. These techniques go far beyond the simple measuring of structural dimensions. The system permits the management and storage of the complete history of measurements. Hence, trends in deviations from the desired quality or functionality can be determined early and easily. This helps to implement corrective actions even before the produced structures fail to meet the specifications. Using a safe and decentralized server architecture using https, all data is available across business units and plants. Additionally, we developed highly interactive visualization and data exploration tools which enable expert users to fast and easily evaluate the measured data. With these techniques and visualization tools, we combine the advantages of optical measurements with the established evaluation of tactile measurements.

3D modeling options analysis in AUTOCAD2015 version

3D design technology is the basis for the modern computer graphics. AutoCAD 2015 is a powerful version of computer-aided design system. We can solve complex tasks, without which this instrument can’t be solved in general. Using 3D design technology we not only save time working with a drawing. The geometric models are the foundation of the design basics, for working with drawing we can create projections, footnotes, sections and other modern graphics elements. AutoCAD can use and process the data from the model. This progressive design technology includes all parts of the design, starting from machine details, furniture and finishing with architectural forms of complex object models.

Textures alpha mapping technolody realization with DirectX

Colors are described by three components RGB and alpha component. This component adds additional realism in the computer scene and means opacity. Alpha mapping is a process that regulates objects transparency. This is an often used and successful process. This effect is rather simple. The realization requires few and simple resources. Such modern graphics libraries as DirectX, OpenGL and WebGL have powerful opportunities to implement a light mapping. For the realization we can use powerful graphical library DirectX and OpenGL. There is also an opportunity to use the graphic library for the internet WebGL.