scholarly journals MULTI-CRITERIA ASSESMENT OF BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS / DAUGIAKRITERIS Į PASTATĄ INTEGRUOTŲ SAULĖS FOTOELEMENTŲ VERTINIMAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
Violeta Motuzienė ◽  
Kęstutis Valančius
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
The One

To make reasonable solutions concerning integration of PV into the façade, complex assessment must be performed at the design stage of the building, taking into account all benefits and losses. The paper presents multi-criteria analysis of semi-transparent BIPV. It is based on 4 criteria: energy, ecology, economy, comfort – 3e+c. Results show that because of twice lower solar heat gains, PV window enables to save almost half of cooling energy, it also significantly improves thermal comfort. Total primary energy demand of the office after application of PV drops from 171 kWh/m2 to 96 kWh/m2. Multi-criteria analysis shows that office with BIPV is more sustainable than the one with transparent window. Kad būtų priimti pagrįsti sprendimai, susiję su saulės fotoelementų integravimu į pastato fasadą, projektuojant pastatą reikia atlikti kompleksinį naudos ir nuostolių vertinimą. Straipsnyje pateikiama daugiakriterė į pastatą integruotų saulės fotoelementų analizė, pagrįsta 4 darnumo kriterijais: energiniu, ekonominiu, ekologiniu ir komforto – 3e+c. Rezultatai rodo, kad dėl perpus mažesnių saulės pritėkių esant langui su integruotais fotoelementais, beveik perpus sumažėja energijos poreikiai vėsinant patalpas bei žymiai pagerėja šiluminis komfortas. Bendras administracinės patalpos pirminės energijos poreikis integravus saulės elementus sumažėja nuo 171 kWh/m2 iki 96 kWh/m2. Daugiakriterė analizė rodo, kad sprendimas naudoti langą su integruotais fotoelementais yra darnesnis nei sprendimas naudoti skaidrų langą.

scholarly journals Impact Of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) In Architectural Science Building (ARC) Ryerson University

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Science Building ◽  
Window Blinds ◽  
Building Operation

Solar heat gains, heating, cooling and lighting energy demands are the primary energy associated with building operation. Glare and solar heat gains are the common issues in the buildings with high window to wall ratio. Window blinds are commonly used to control the glare which blocks the natural lights as well. Scientifically designed external shading devise also helps to control glare which are merely used in the tall modern glass buildings. So renewable technologies like Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) can be one of the strategies to address the primary energy demand of the building, glare control as well as on site electricity generation. The study includes the performance of BIPV application in the faculty office area of third floor of ARC building at Ryerson University. It shows that the BIPV can be effective by addressing the lighting, cooling demand effectively.

scholarly journals Impact Of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) In Architectural Science Building (ARC) Ryerson University

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Science Building ◽  
Window Blinds ◽  
Building Operation

Solar heat gains, heating, cooling and lighting energy demands are the primary energy associated with building operation. Glare and solar heat gains are the common issues in the buildings with high window to wall ratio. Window blinds are commonly used to control the glare which blocks the natural lights as well. Scientifically designed external shading devise also helps to control glare which are merely used in the tall modern glass buildings. So renewable technologies like Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) can be one of the strategies to address the primary energy demand of the building, glare control as well as on site electricity generation. The study includes the performance of BIPV application in the faculty office area of third floor of ARC building at Ryerson University. It shows that the BIPV can be effective by addressing the lighting, cooling demand effectively.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SCHEDULES OF OPEN OFFICE OCCUPANTS’ PRESENCE ON BUILDING’S ENERGY DEMAND

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Bielskus ◽  
Violeta Motuzienė
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Sustainable Buildings ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Performance Calculation

Many studies show, that there is a difference between actual and design energy consumption in energy efficient and sustainable buildings. As a rule, buildings consume more energy than it has been foreseen at the design stage. Occupants’ behaviour in buildings is also identified as one of the main reasons causing the so called Performance Gap. Having mobile workstations, opened plan offices are becoming more popular in design solutions in sustainable buildings. Here we have studied one of such office spaces. Monitoring of real occupancy was performed and real occupation schedules were statistically generated. The schedules were compared to the ones given by European Standard for energy performance calculation as well as with default schedules proposed by simulation software DesignBuilder. The comparison shows a significantly lower measured occupancy compared to the above-mentioned schedules. To compare the influence of occupancy related assumptions on predicted energy demand, DesignBuilder model was created and simulated for 3 different occupancy schedules. The results have shown that primary energy demand of a building due to assumptions related with an occupancy, compared to default DesignBuilder schedules are: 111 kWh/m² (32%) higher than the standard case and 152 kWh/m² (44%) than the actual one.

scholarly journals Analysis and comparison of passive and climate-unadapted design in terms of resources, energy demands and thermal comfort by means of building simulation and life cycle assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
A J Mayer ◽  
T Jürgens
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Passive Design

Abstract The aim of passive design is to respond to the external climate using primarily structural means to achieve a comfortable indoor climate. The use of building technology is an additional measure. This paper compares the demand for resources, primary energy, and thermal and air-hygienic comfort of passive and climate-unadapted designs to determine the most energy-efficient and sustainable design. It also analyses whether user comfort suffers from reduced use of technical building equipment. For this purpose, a representative passive building model is compared with a climate-unadapted one. Comfort, primary and embodied energy are determined and compared by way of a simulation and life cycle assessment. The passive design presents a lower primary energy demand than the climate-unadapted one, even when embodied energy is taken into account. While the requirements of air-hygienic comfort are fulfilled equally in both types of buildings, the passive design displays better thermal comfort. This indicates that energy can be saved by employing a passive design.

A PSO–GA optimal model to estimate primary energy demand of China

Energy Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwei Yu ◽  
Yi-Ming Wei ◽  
Ke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Primary Energy Demand

An environmental impact analysis method of machine-tool cutting units based on LCA

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Shi ◽  
Junyu Hu ◽  
Mingyang Ma ◽  
Huaizhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Environmental Impact Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Tool Cutting

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a method for the environmental impact analysis of machine-tool cutting, which enables the detailed analysis of inventory data on resource consumption and waste emissions, as well as the quantitative evaluation of environmental impact. Design/methodology/approach The proposed environmental impact analysis method is based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. In this method, the system boundary of the cutting unit is first defined, and inventory data on energy and material consumptions are analyzed. Subsequently, through classification, five important environmental impact categories are proposed, namely, primary energy demand, global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and photochemical ozone creation potential. Finally, the environmental impact results are obtained through characterization and normalization. Findings This method is applied on a case study involving a machine-tool turning unit. Results show that primary energy demand and global warming potential exert the serious environmental impact in the turning unit. Suggestions for improving the environmental performance of the machine-tool turning are proposed. Originality/value The environmental impact analysis method is applicable to different machine tools and cutting-unit processes. Moreover, it can guide and support the development of green manufacturing by machinery manufacturers.

Optimization of the energy supply in the plastics industry to reduce the primary energy demand

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 790-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Dunkelberg ◽  
Johannes Wagner ◽  
Conrad Hannen ◽  
B. Alexander Schlüter ◽  
Long Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Plastics Industry

scholarly journals Myth v. Fact

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reilly ◽  
Allison Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Business As Usual

This article predicts future global energy demand under a business-as-usual scenario. According to the MIT projections, conventional technology supported by fossil fuels will continue to dominate under a business-as-usual scenario. In fact, in the absence of climate policies that would impact energy prices, fossil fuels will supply nearly 80% of global primary energy demand in 2100. Alternative energy technologies will expand rapidly. Non-fossil fuel use will grow from 13% to 20% by 2100, with renewable electricity production expanding nearly tenfold and nuclear energy increasing by a factor of 8.5. However, those sources currently provide such a small share of the world's energy that even rapid growth is not enough to significantly displace fossil fuels. In spite of the growth in renewables, the projections indicate that coal will remain among the least expensive fuel sources. Non-fossil fuel alternatives, such as renewable energy and nuclear energy, will be between 40% and 80% more expensive than coal.

scholarly journals The possibility of achievement of the nZEB state of a refurbished detached house powered solely by renewable energy sources in Southern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Jacek Biskupski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Pv Generator

This paper gives a thorough description of the two different scenarios of retrofit of an existing detached country house (with high primary energy demand) to a net zero energy building (nZEB) or near zero energy (nearZEB) by using energy form on-site RES. Using a designed piece of modelling software author pointed out two possible solutions. First one, based on a bio boiler and small on-site PV generator (on-grid) and the other based on large PV generator and three heat pumps. A 24 months test was performed in order to find out the output of both scenarios. In first period, the bio boiler delivered energy for space heating and DHW, while energy from PV was used to cover all electricity needs of the household during the 12 months testing period. In the later, the energy received from 10 kWp PV of was partly used to cover the current needs of the entire household (switchable on/off-grid system), and surplus was stored in the national electricity grid and regained later in the winter for the space heating (by a GSHP) and ventilation (ASHP) and DHW (dedicated ASHP). In both cases the system proofed the possibility to achieve the nZEB (nearZEB in first scenario) state of the household, as all (in the first near all) energy needs were covered by renewable energy produced on-site.

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