Baseline Findings of an HIV Incidence Cohort Study to Prepare for Future HIV Prevention Clinical Trials in Kisumu, Kenya

Introduction: In an analysis of baseline findings of an HIV incidence cohort study, an assessment was made of HIV prevalence among persons presenting for enrollment and any differences in demographic characteristics between persons not enrolled compared to those enrolled. We also described and compared HIV risk behaviors in males and females enrolled in the study. Methodology: A computer-assisted survey was administered to collect baseline demographic and HIV risk data from 1,277 men and women aged 18-34 years. Testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) was conducted. Out of 1,277 persons prescreened for eligibility, 625 were enrolled. Results: HIV prevalence of all persons who completed screening was 14.8% (females: 21.1%; males: 8.1%). The odds of being enrolled in the study were higher for persons 18-24 years compared to those 30-34 years of age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.18, CI=1.13, 4.21] and males compared to females [AOR=2.07, CI=1.43, 2.99]. Among those enrolled in the study, the most prevalent HIV risk behaviors were unprotected sex (49%), alcohol use (45%), and transactional sex (30%) in the last three months. Compared to females, a significantly greater proportion of males reported using any alcohol or recreational drug in the last three months, a history of oral sex, sex with partner other than a spouse or main partner, ever having a blood transfusion, ever being treated for an STI, and having knowledge of their last HIV test result.Conclusion: The Kisumu Field Station successfully recruited individuals with HIV risk characteristics for the HIV incidence cohort study.

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Model-based predictions of HIV incidence among African women using HIV risk behaviors and community-level data on male HIV prevalence and viral suppression

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0000000000002481 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

James R. Moore ◽

Deborah J. Donnell ◽

Marie-Claude Boily ◽

Kate M. Mitchell ◽

Sinead Delany-Moretlwe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Behaviors ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Viral Suppression ◽

Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Community Level ◽

African Women ◽

Hiv Incidence ◽

Model Based ◽

Level Data

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A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Health Behavior Campaigns on HIV-Risk Behaviors and HIV Incidence in Eswatini

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-021-03316-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ivy Mushamiri ◽

Zandi Mnisi ◽

Muziwethu Nkambule ◽

Jessica Justman

Keyword(s):

Health Behavior ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Longitudinal Analysis ◽

Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽

Hiv Incidence ◽

The Impact

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Factors Associated with Lifetime HIV Testing in Texas by Race/Ethnicity

The Open AIDS Journal ◽

10.2174/1874613601206010232 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 232-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raquel A Benavides-Torres ◽

Kristin M Wall ◽

Georgina Máyela Núñez Rocha ◽

Dora Julia Onofre Rodríguez ◽

Laura Hopson

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Employment Status ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽

Future Research ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Populations At Risk ◽

Race Ethnicity

Introduction: In United States, roughly 1/5 of all HIV infected persons remain undiagnosed. Because HIV testing is critical to improve prevention efforts, more research is needed to understand the characteristics of individuals who get tested for HIV. Methods: This secondary analysis of the 2010 Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System used data from 9,744 respondents between 18-64 years of age to evaluate the relationship between demographic characteristics (gender, race/ethnicity, age, area of residence, education, marital status, employment status, and income), healthcare characteristics (insurance status, having a primary provider, and access to healthcare), and HIV risk behaviors with ever having received an HIV test. Results: Significant associations between gender, age, area of residence, marital and employment status, and HIV risk behaviors and HIV testing in a Texas population by race/ethnicity were observed. Conclusions: These findings have important implications for future research into racial/ethnic disparities between lifetime HIV testing, and can help guide practitioners who work with populations at risk for HIV/AIDS in Texas.

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Sex in the New World: An Empowerment Model for HIV Prevention in Latina Immigrant Women

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/109019819902600204 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 200-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Cynthia A. Gómez ◽

Mónica Hernández ◽

Bonnie Faigeles

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Sexual Communication ◽

Immigrant Women ◽

Gender Norms ◽

Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽

Unprotected Sex ◽

The Impact ◽

Latina Immigrant Women

In 1996, nearly 60% of U.S. AIDS cases among Latinas were attributed to unprotected sex with men. Economic disadvantage, language barriers, and strong cultural gender norms regarding sex exacerbate the risk for HIV infection among Latina immigrant women. Through a collaboration among scientists and providers, this study was designed to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted empowerment program for Latina immigrant women on HIV risk behaviors. Women ( N = 74) were followed for the first 6 months of their participation and attended up to nine distinct types of activities (e.g., information meetings, friendship circles, and workshops). Although the program was not developed to specifically target HIV risk behaviors, women showed significant increases in sexual communication comfort, were less likely to maintain traditional sexual gender norms, and reported changes in decision-making power. Targeting broader sociocultural issues may increase the necessary skills for Latina women to prevent HIV infection from their sexual partners. Successful collaborations between scientists and providers are critical in developing effective, community-relevant interventions.

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Characterization of HIV risks in a Brazilian sickle cell disease population

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09702-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P. F. Blatyta ◽

◽

S. Kelly ◽

T. T. Goncalez ◽

A. B. Carneiro-Proietti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Low Prevalence

Abstract Background A low prevalence of HIV in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients has been reported in the literature though mechanisms for this are not understood. Methods HIV risk behaviors were compared between SCD cases and non-SCD controls using a self-administered audio computer-assisted self-interview. SCD cases were recruited from a multi-center SCD cohort established in Brazil; controls were recruited from SCD social contacts. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-Square or Fisher exact test. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results There were 152 SCD cases and 154 age/location matched controls enrolled at three participating Brazilian centers during 2016–17. No significant differences in number of sexual partners (lifetime or previous 12 months), male-to-male sex partners or intravenous drug use were observed. Cases received more transfusions, surgeries, and acupuncture treatment. Conclusions Besides the risk of transfusion-transmitted HIV, which is now exceedingly rare, SCD and non-SCD participants demonstrated similar HIV risk behaviors. Causes other than risk behaviors such as factors inherent to SCD pathophysiology may explain the reported low prevalence of HIV in SCD.

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Substance Use Disorder, Intravenous Injection, and HIV Infection: A Review

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/0963689719878380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 1465-1471

Author(s):

Shao-Cheng Wang ◽

Brion Maher

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Intravenous Injection ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽

Unprotected Sex ◽

Impaired Control

DSM-V-defined substance use disorder comprises four groups of symptoms: impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological reactions. Behavioral patterns of impaired control, including impulsivity and risk taking, are associated with HIV risk behaviors. Substance users with stronger craving symptoms are more likely to use drugs via intravenous injection than other routes because of the faster drug effect and the higher bioavailability; thus, they are at high risk of HIV infection. HIV risk behaviors such as unprotected sex and intravenous injection facilitate HIV disease spread. Public health policies such as Needle and Syringe Exchange Programs and medication-assisted treatment are proven to reduce HIV risk behaviors such as the frequency of intravenous injection and even the incidence of HIV infection, but both of them have limitations. While intravenous injection is a frequently discussed issue in public policies and the HIV-related literature, it is a much less frequent topic in the addiction literature. We believed that understanding the mental substrate behind impulsivity/risk taking and the possible biological mechanism of intravenous injection may help in creating more effective strategies to slow down HIV infection.

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