scholarly journals Advances in space science and technology in connection with 60−th anniversary of first human spaceflight

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 251-276
Author(s):  
Peter Velinov
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Space Physics ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Space Robotics ◽  
Space Biology ◽  
Human Spaceflight ◽  
Space Sciences ◽  
Yuri Gagarin

On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin proclaimed the arrival of a new space age. The rapid advances in the different space sciences and technologies began after the first human spaceflight. Then fundamentally new sciences and technologies appeared. At present, space science covers a broad range of disciplines. The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to space sciences: Astronomy and Space Astronomy, Cosmology, Astrophysics, Space Physics, Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Aeronomy, Solar physics, Heliospheric Physics, Cosmic Ray Physics, Space Weather and Space Climate (Earth-Space Climatology), Space Dosimetry, Space Chemistry or Cosmochemistry, Remote Sensing of the Earth and Planets, Planetary Science, Planetary Geology, Astrogeology or Exogeology, Exoplanetology or Exoplanetary Science (Science for Extrasolar Planetary Systems), Intelligent Life in the Universe, Astronautics (or Cosmonautics), Orbital mechanics or Astrodynamics, Space life sciences: Bioastronautics, Space Medicine, Space Neuroscience, Space Biology, Radiation Biology, Biotechnology, Space Botany or Astrobotany, Microgravity Environment Research; Archaeoastronomy, Space Anthropology, Xeno-anthropology (Exo-anthropology), Space Law, Space Technology, Space Navigation, Space Communications, Space Architecture, Space Logistics, Space Robotics, Space Robotic Colonies, Space Colonization (also called Space Settlement or Extraterrestrial Colonization), Planetary Habitability, Space Manufacturing, Space Materials Science, Satellite Industry, Space Business, Space Tourism, Space Hardware, Space Industry, and Space Ecology. With the help of these advanced space sciences humankind began confidently the exploration of space. But these studies led also to numerous new technologies and applications to improve people's lives. Finally, we mention again Yuri Gagarin and his cosmic heritage. He left behind an inspirational legacy, which even today still continues to motivate millions of people worldwide.

scholarly journals Working Together to Advance the Earth and Space Sciences

Eos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Finn
Keyword(s):  
Space Science ◽  
Fall Meeting ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Working Together ◽  
American Geophysical ◽  
Space Sciences

Attendees at the American Geophysical Union’s 2014 Fall Meeting embodied the Union’s mission of “Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.”

scholarly journals “Space Robotics”

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
System Engineering ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Space Robotics ◽  
Series Space ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Beijing Institute ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

“Space Robotics” by Yaobing Wang belongs to the series Space Science and Technologies co-published by Beijing Institute of Technology Press, China, and Springer Nature Pte Ltd, Singapore. The Editor-in-Chief of the series, Peijian Ye, is Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and has published a collection of 10 volumes. This volume’s author, Yaobin Wang, is a research professor of Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering and Director of Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Space Robotic Systems Technology and Applications. The book’s 363 pages provide a condensed combination of theory and practice as engineering guidance.

The Case for Coordinating Earth & Space Science Education Worldwide

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S367) ◽  
pp. 415-416
Author(s):  
William H. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Science ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Many ◽  
Space Sciences

AbstractDespite the many amazing advances that have occurred in the space sciences (planetary science, heliophysics, astronomy, and cosmology) these subjects continue to play minor roles in pre-collegiate science education. Similarly, the Earth sciences are woefully under-represented in most school science programs – despite their vital relevance to our physical well-being. Some countries have educational standards that formally prioritize the Earth & space sciences as much as the physical and life sciences, but even they fail to actualize their mandated priorities. I contend that better coordination and advancement of Earth & space science education at the national, state, society, and educator levels would lead to better educational outcomes worldwide.

scholarly journals Advantages and Limitations of Current Microgravity Platforms for Space Biology Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Francesca Ferranti ◽  
Marta Del Bianco ◽  
Claudia Pacelli
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Space Biology ◽  
Human Space Exploration ◽  
Biology Research ◽  
Scientific Return ◽  
Design Experiments

Human Space exploration has created new challenges and new opportunities for science. Reaching beyond the Earth’s surface has raised the issue of the importance of gravity for the development and the physiology of biological systems, while giving scientists the tools to study the mechanisms of response and adaptation to the microgravity environment. As life has evolved under the constant influence of gravity, gravity affects biological systems at a very fundamental level. Owing to limited access to spaceflight platforms, scientists rely heavily on on-ground facilities that reproduce, to a different extent, microgravity or its effects. However, the technical constraints of counterbalancing the gravitational force on Earth add complexity to data interpretation. In-flight experiments are also not without their challenges, including additional stressors, such as cosmic radiation and lack of convection. It is thus extremely important in Space biology to design experiments in a way that maximizes the scientific return and takes into consideration all the variables of the chosen setup, both on-ground or on orbit. This review provides a critical analysis of current ground-based and spaceflight facilities. In particular, the focus was given to experimental design to offer the reader the tools to select the appropriate setup and to appropriately interpret the results.

Laser Surgery in Microgravity

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Richard T. Caleel ◽  
Paul C. Kuo ◽  
Michael D. Colvard
Keyword(s):  
Laser Surgery ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum

Human activity in microgravity environments place flight crews at risk to injury that may require surgical triage and care. Current protocols developed to handle surgical care in microgravity are derived from earth-based wound care techniques. Fluid and debris containment, spacecraft environmental contamination, and expediency of wound care in microgravity remain as significant obstacles. For space based surgery, lasers may allow procedures for rapid stabilization of emergency or traumatic injuries, surgical fluid control, hemostasis, and reduce contamination of the aircraft environment. The purpose of this paper is to outline the basic concept of laser surgery in an aviation and microgravity environment using carbon dioxide, neodymium–yttrium—aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG), KTP, and excimer laser incisions within high altitude, military, aviation, and microgravity environments. “The plans for extending the human presence beyond the limits of Earth into space are: in the 1990s, to establish a permanent presence on the Space Station; in the first decade of the 21st century, to establish an outpost on the lunar surface, and to follow that in the second decade with an expedition to the surface of Mars.” “The demands and potential hazards of space flight require that crew members maintain health and peak proficiency at all times.” “Medical support for space station operations will require new philosophies and new technologies.” “The major considerations in developing such a system … for use in a spacecraft are to provide a sterile environment as well as to prevent contamination of the cabin with blood and other debris while performing the surgery.”

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