scholarly journals The Hummingbird Collection of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP), Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Pedro Faria ◽  
Daniela Gomes ◽  
Bárbara Freitas ◽  
Judit Málinger

The Hummingbird (Family Trochilidae) Collection of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) is one of the oldest collections of this family harboured in European museums. Almost 2,000 specimens, that encompass most of the taxonomic diversity of this family, were collected in the late 19th Century. The collection is relevant due its antiquity and because all specimens were bought from the same provider, mainly as mounted specimens, for a Portuguese private collection of Neotropical fauna. In the early 20th Century, it was donated to the Museum that is now the MHNC-UP. The information about the majority of these specimens is now available for consultation on the GBIF platform after curation of all specimens and digital cleaning of the associated metadata. In the process, hundreds of non-catalogued specimens were found and taxonomic and spatial information was updated for many of the specimens.

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNARITA FRANZA ◽  
ROSANNA FABOZZI ◽  
LETIZIA VEZZOSI ◽  
LUCIANA FANTONI ◽  
GIOVANNI PRATESI

ABSTRACT The Collectio Mineralium (1765) currently preserved at the Historical Archive of the Natural History Museum of the University of Firenze, is the unpublished catalog of the mineralogical collection that belonged to Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792). The catalog is a 110-page register, with the golden emblem of the House of Habsburg at the center of the binding, containing information about 242 mineralogical samples. Each specimen is carefully described (i.e., habit, metal content, product value) and its locality given. The interpretation of the text has also returned information on most of the mining deposits in the Austro-Hungarian territories in the eighteenth century. Therefore, the interpretation of this catalog—that on the basis of the literature appears to be the first catalog of a collection belonged to a Habsburg emperor—represents an important step toward enhancing our understanding of Habsburg natural history collections and reflected the transition from wonder-rooms to commodity collecting. Leopold's private collection was no longer an ‘instrument of wonder’ but it became representative of scientific collecting characterized by the establishment of systematic mineralogy, and by a careful economic evaluation of the mineralogical samples collected as a symbol of the power of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.


Author(s):  
Rita Gaspar

University museums have an increased responsibility, as mediators between the production of scientific knowledge and its transfer to different audiences. Although they were initially more focused on supporting teaching activities, currently they have the broader mission of transferring knowledge produced in university to the community where they operate. Will be presented some examples of approaches developed in the Archaeology and Ethnography section of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto throughout the institution’s history.


Author(s):  
Nuno Teles ◽  
Maria João Fonseca

ResumoNeste artigo é apresentada uma reflexão sobre os museus de ciência a partir da sua vertente educativa ligada às questões da representação museológica. Em discussão está a importância do microscópio como objeto de destaque museológico aliada ao seu contributo para o ensino das ciências. Numa primeira abordagem é feita uma contextualização histórica sobre a descoberta, desenvolvimento e importância deste instrumento, seguida de uma contextualização científica sobre a sua utilização como ferramenta de investigação e educação. Numa segunda abordagem serão apresentados os campos de aplicação deste equipamento como instrumento educativo ao longo do século XIX até ao século XXI. Como exemplos serão referidos três museus nacionais de ciência: Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto; Museu da Ciência da Universidade de Coimbra; e Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade de Lisboa. Palavras-chave: microscópio; educação; museologia; história da ciência. Abstract This article presents a reflection on the role played by science museums from an educational point of view in connection with issues pertaining to museological representation. In discussion is the importance of the microscope as an object of museological prominence allied to its contribution for science teaching. In a first approach, a historical contextualization on the discovery, development and importance of this instrument will be provided, followed by a scientific contextualization on its use as an educational and research tool. In a second approach the fields of application of the microscope as an educational instrument from the 19th century to the 21st century will be outlined. Three science museums in Portugal will be used as examples: the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto, the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra and the National Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Lisbon.Keywords: microscope; education; museology; history of science.


Author(s):  
João Muchagata ◽  
Simão Mateus

Resumo Em 2015, deu-se início a um grande projeto de requalificação do edifício central do Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto (MHNC-UP) que, permitindo um novo olhar sobre as coleções, levou à identificação de espécimes importantes e especiais e com valor histórico, cientifico, didático e expositivo. Com espécimes coletados por geólogos desde o final do século XIX e uma política de aquisição de peças promovida no início do século XX, a coleção de paleontologia ultrapassa os 2300 exemplares. Neste trabalho, pretendemos dar a conhecer os modelos micropaleontológicos de foraminíferos de Reuss & Frič, destacando um conjunto de 98 modelos de gesso de Paris (de um conjunto original de 100 exemplares) do final do séc. XIX. Os modelos são em parte baseados em modelos produzidos originalmente pelo cientista Francês Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857). Estas reproduções em 3D permitiram uma representação realista de um imaginário anatómico inacessível a muitos, e devem ser reconhecidas como uma ferramenta de ensino do passado. Mesmo hoje em dia, estes modelos ajudam na perceção destes pequenos animais e podem até mesmo ser usados no contexto de estratégias de ensino, acessível a todo o tipo de indivíduos, incluindo, por exemplo, portadores de deficiência visual. Adicionalmente, do ponto de vista artístico, estes modelos são um testemunho de arte desenvolvida como ferramenta de apoio à divulgação do conhecimento científico. Palavras-chave: MHNC-UP, modelos de Foraminífero, Reuss & Frič Abstract Beginning in 2015, a major redevelopment project in the central building of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) allowed for a new insight into its heritage collections, leading to the identification of important specimens of historical, scientific and dissemination worth. With specimens collected by geologists since the end of the 19th century and a policy of acquisition promoted in the beginning of the 20th century, the paleontology collection exceeds 2300 specimens. Here we intend to shed some light on the MHNC-UP’s micropalaeontological models of foraminifera by Reuss & Frič, which are part of the paleontology collection, highlighting a set of 98 plaster of Paris models (of an original 100 set), from the late 19th century. The models are similar to those made by French scientist Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857). These 3D scientific representations enabled a realistic representation of an anatomical imaginary otherwise inaccessible, and should be acknowledged as a teaching tool from the past. Even today, they help to better understand and visualize these small animals and are useful as an aid in teaching strategies, as for blind and visually impaired students. Furthermore, from an artistic viewpoint, these models stand as a testament of artistry developed to help a greater fulfillment of scientific knowledge. Key words: MHNC-UP, foraminifera models, Reuss & Frič


2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
P. G. Moore

John Robertson Henderson was born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, where he qualified as a doctor. His interest in marine natural history was fostered at the Scottish Marine Station for Scientific Research at Granton (near Edinburgh) where his focus on anomuran crustaceans emerged, to the extent that he was eventually invited to compile the anomuran volume of the Challenger expedition reports. He left Scotland for India in autumn 1885 to take up the Chair of Zoology at Madras Christian College, shortly after its establishment. He continued working on crustacean taxonomy, producing substantial contributions to the field; returning to Scotland in retirement in 1919. The apparent absence of communication with Alfred William Alcock, a surgeon-naturalist with overlapping interests in India, is highlighted but not resolved.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2872
Author(s):  
Miroslav Uhrina ◽  
Anna Holesova ◽  
Juraj Bienik ◽  
Lukas Sevcik

This paper deals with the impact of content on the perceived video quality evaluated using the subjective Absolute Category Rating (ACR) method. The assessment was conducted on eight types of video sequences with diverse content obtained from the SJTU dataset. The sequences were encoded at 5 different constant bitrates in two widely video compression standards H.264/AVC and H.265/HEVC at Full HD and Ultra HD resolutions, which means 160 annotated video sequences were created. The length of Group of Pictures (GOP) was set to half the framerate value, as is typical for video intended for transmission over a noisy communication channel. The evaluation was performed in two laboratories: one situated at the University of Zilina, and the second at the VSB—Technical University in Ostrava. The results acquired in both laboratories reached/showed a high correlation. Notwithstanding the fact that the sequences with low Spatial Information (SI) and Temporal Information (TI) values reached better Mean Opinion Score (MOS) score than the sequences with higher SI and TI values, these two parameters are not sufficient for scene description, and this domain should be the subject of further research. The evaluation results led us to the conclusion that it is unnecessary to use the H.265/HEVC codec for compression of Full HD sequences and the compression efficiency of the H.265 codec by the Ultra HD resolution reaches the compression efficiency of both codecs by the Full HD resolution. This paper also includes the recommendations for minimum bitrate thresholds at which the video sequences at both resolutions retain good and fair subjectively perceived quality.


1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 768-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Holland

In 1957 James R. Beer, Edwin F. Cook and Robert G. Schwab, of the University of Minnesota, conducted an investigation of mammals and their ectoparasites in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona. The area studied included varied habitats in the general vicinity of the Southwestern Research Station of the American Museum of Natural History at Portal. An account of this investigation has now been published (Beer et al., 1959).


1866 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Wm. Turner

1st, Scaphocephalus.—After making reference to his previous papers, more especially to that in which he had described several specimens of the scaphocephalic skull, in which he had discussed the influence exercised on the production of deformities of the cranium, by a premature closure or obliteration of the sutures, and to the recent memoirs of Professor von Düben of Stockholm,† and Dr John Thurnam, the author proceeded to relate two additional cases of scaphocephalus to those he had already recorded. He had met with one of these in the head of a living person, the other in a skull in the Natural History Museum of the University of Edinburgh.


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