scholarly journals Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Emilio Corti ◽  
Enrico Palchetti ◽  
Stefano Biricolti ◽  
Massimo Gori ◽  
Corrado Tani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Secretory Type ◽  
Lipid Aggregates ◽  
Defence Strategies ◽  
Micro Organisms

This is the first contribution about the histochemistry of vegetative and reproductive aerial organs in the genus Piper L. Piper malgassicum accumulates alkaloids and terpenes in the epidermis and the underlying layers of parenchyma, both in the leaves, in the stems and in anthers. Some idioblasts appear to contain a large amount of secondary metabolites. The micro-anatomical analysis showed peculiar secretory structures both in the leaves, in the anthers and in the ovary. Several lipid aggregates, alkaloid droplets and calcium oxalate crystals were observed in leaves and stems, indicating their role in defence strategies, mechanical support, and pollinators attraction. In the anthers, we observed elaioplasts whose content suggest an alternative and indirect function in pollination and defence against micro-organisms. Besides, some lipid aggregates surrounded by microtubules, detected in the anthers, were recognized as lipotubuloids. The tapetum was of secretory type. Alkaloids and terpenes were widely distributed in the plant confirming the important biological role of this type of biomolecules and its functional range. In the anthers, terpene and polyphenol inclusions appeared particularly abundant in the epidermal layer, whereas calcium oxalate crystals were observed close to the ovule in the ovary at maturity.

scholarly journals The anatomical structure peculiarities of various species of the genus Salsola L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
B. B. Osmonali ◽  
N. Z. Akhtaeva ◽  
P. V. Vesselova ◽  
G. M. Kudabayeva ◽  
N. V. Kurbatova
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Oxalate Crystals

The features of the anatomical structure of Salsola arbuscula Pall., S. tragus L., S. paulsenii Litv. are presented. It is noted that the leaf blades of the studied species belong to the salsoloid type. The mesophyll of the leaf is centric. The hypoderma plays the role of the water-bearing parenchyma. In the water-bearing parenchyma of S. tragus and S.paulsenii calcium oxalate crystals have been found. In the central part of the leaf there is a single conducting beam of thecollateral type in all species. A characteristic feature in the anatomical study of the stem of S. tragus is the peculiarity ofthe collenchyma, which lies only in the area of protrusions and forms up to 7 layers of cells. The general features of theorganization of the studied species are the similarity in the succulent structure of the leaf blade, which causes large-cellwater-bearing parenchyma and the rounded shape of the cells in the three studied species of saltwort.

The Role of Druse and Raphide Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Tissue Calcium Regulation in Pistia stratiotes Leaves

Plant Biology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Volk ◽  
V. J. Lynch-Holm ◽  
T. A. Kostman ◽  
L. J. Goss ◽  
V. R. Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Regulation ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Tissue Calcium

scholarly journals Role of intermediary cells in Peltodon radicans (Lamiaceae) in the transfer of calcium and formation of calcium oxalate crystals

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Antônio Sousa Paiva ◽  
Silvia Rodrigues Machado
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Sieve Element ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Sheath Cells

With the objective of studying the connection between calcium oxalate crystals formation and the phloem, fragments of leaves of Peltodon radicans Pohl (Lamiaceae) were fixed and processed, for light and electron-transmission microscopes. It was observed that the crystals occurred in the cells of the bundle sheath, juxtaposed in relation to the phloem. Intermediary cells established a connection between the sieve element and crystal-bearing sheath cells. Calcium was present abundantly in the cytoplasm of sheath cells as calcium oxalate crystals. The presence of calcium was also detected in the intermediary cells, but in the sieve elements it was not detected. There was, therefore, an increasing concentration gradient of calcium in the sieve elements from sheath cells. Thus, we hypothesized that the formation of calcium oxalate crystals regulates calcium levels in the sieve elements.

scholarly journals Medicago truncatula Mutants Demonstrate the Role of Plant Calcium Oxalate Crystals as an Effective Defense against Chewing Insects

2006 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Korth ◽  
Sarah J. Doege ◽  
Sang-Hyuck Park ◽  
Fiona L. Goggin ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Chewing Insects

scholarly journals Possible Role of Crystal-Bearing Cells in Tomato Fertility and Formation of Seedless Fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9480
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Baranova ◽  
Inna A. Chaban ◽  
Ludmila V. Kurenina ◽  
Ludmila N. Konovalova ◽  
Natalia V. Varlamova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Transgenic Tomato Plants ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
Time Changes

Crystal-bearing cells or idioblasts, which deposit calcium oxalate, are located in various tissues and organs of many plant species. The functional significance of their formation is currently unclear. Idioblasts in the leaf parenchyma and the development of crystal-bearing cells in the anther tissues of transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicon L.), expressing the heterologous FeSOD gene and which showed a decrease in fertility, were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The amount of calcium oxalate crystals was found to increase significantly in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type (WT) ones in idioblasts and crystal-bearing cells of the upper part of the anther. At the same time, changes in the size and shape of the crystals and their location in anther organs were noted. It seems that the interruption in the break of the anther stomium in transgenic plants was associated with the formation and cell death regulation of a specialized group of crystal-bearing cells. This disturbance caused an increase in the pool of these cells and their localization in the upper part of the anther, where rupture is initiated. Perturbations were also noted in the lower part of the anther in transgenic plants, where the amount of calcium oxalate crystals in crystal-bearing cells was reduced that was accompanied by disturbances in the morphology of pollen grains. Thus, the induction of the formation of crystal-bearing cells and calcium oxalate crystals can have multidirectional effects, contributing to the regulation of oxalate metabolism in the generative and vegetative organs and preventing fertility when the ROS balance changes, in particular, during oxidative stresses accompanying most abiotic and biotic environmental factors.

Cooperative effects of Na+ and citrates on the dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4788-4792 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shanthil ◽  
K. Sandeep ◽  
P. K. Sajith
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Cooperative Effects ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Citrate Ions

Cooperative role of sodium and citrate ions in the dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals.

An SEM study of raphide crystal initials in the leaves of vitis (grape)

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 984-985
Author(s):  
H. J. Arnott ◽  
M. A. Webb ◽  
L. E. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Crystal Cells ◽  
Crystal Idioblast

Many papers have been published on the structure of calcium oxalate crystals in plants, however, few deal with the early development of crystals. Large numbers of idioblastic calcium oxalate crystal cells are found in the leaves of Vitis mustangensis, V. labrusca and V. vulpina. A crystal idioblast, or raphide cell, will produce 150-300 needle-like calcium oxalate crystals within a central vacuole. Each raphide crystal is autonomous, having been produced in a separate membrane-defined crystal chamber; the idioblast''s crystal complement is collectively embedded in a water soluble glycoprotein matrix which fills the vacuole. The crystals are twins, each having a pointed and a bidentate end (Fig 1); when mature they are about 0.5-1.2 μn in diameter and 30-70 μm in length. Crystal bundles, i.e., crystals and their matrix, can be isolated from leaves using 100% ETOH. If the bundles are treated with H2O the matrix surrounding the crystals rapidly disperses.

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