Phytotoxicity and Accumulation of Antibiotics in Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Parrot Feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) Plants under Hydroponic Culture Conditions

The aim of this research was to investigate the accumulation of antibiotics in two kinds of plants. The hydroponic culture solution included a mixture of antibiotics, including three commonly used antibiotics in South Korea: norfloxacin (NOR), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and tetracyclines (TC). None of these antibiotics were detected in the shoots of water lettuce plants, only in the roots. However, in parrot feather plants, antibiotics were detected in both the shoots and the roots, with higher amounts detected in the shoots than in the roots. SMZ and TC were most likely to be detected in the roots and shoots of water lettuce and parrot feather plants, and about one-third of the NOR administered was later detected in the plants. The BCF (bioconcentration factor) of antibiotics ranged from 0.24 to 0.78, while that of NOR was much lower, ranging from 0.24 to 0.38. The SMZ (0.59–0.64) and TET (0.72–0.78) exhibited higher uptake accumulation in the water lettuce tissues compared with the parrot feather plants.

Duckweed roots are dispensable and are on a trajectory toward vestigiality

Duckweeds are morphologically simplified, free floating aquatic monocots comprising both rooted and rootless genera. This has led to the idea that roots in these species may be vestigial, but empirical evidence supporting this is lacking. Here we show that duckweed roots are no longer required for their ancestral role of nutrient uptake. Comparative analyses of nearly all rooted duckweed species revealed a highly reduced anatomy, with greater simplification in the more recently diverged genus Lemna. A series of root excision experiments demonstrated that roots are dispensable for normal growth in Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor. Furthermore, ionomic analyses of fronds in these two species showed little difference in the elemental composition of plants in rooted versus root-excised samples. In comparison, another free-floating member of the Araceae, Pistia stratiotes, which colonized the aquatic environment independently of duckweeds, has retained a more complex root anatomy. Whilst Pistia roots were not absolutely required for growth, their removal inhibited plant growth and resulted in a broad change in the mineral profile of aerial tissues. Collectively, these observations suggest that duckweeds and Pistia may be different stages along a trajectory towards root vestigialisation Given this, along with the striking diversity of root phenotypes, culminating in total loss in the most derived species, we propose that duckweed roots are a powerful system with which to understand organ loss and vestigiality.

PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG KEDELAI DENGAN TEPUNG KAYU APU (Pistia stratiotes) TERFERMENTASI DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PERFORMA NILA MERAH (Oreochromis sp.)

Kayu apu merupakan tanaman air yang hidup mengapung pada suatu perairan lentik dan mempunyai kandungan nutrien yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan nutrien kayu apu terfermentasi dan mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusi tepung kedelai dengan tepung kayu apu terfermentasi dalam pakan terhadap performa nila merah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan substitusi tepung kedelai dengan kayu apu terfermentasi sebanyak 0, 10, 20, dan 30% dengan tiga kali ulangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan nila merah berukuran 7-9 cm diberi pakan dengan dosis 3% biomassa dengan frekuensi pemberian sebanyak dua kali sehari dan dipelihara selama 60 hari. Parameter yang dievaluasi meliputi sintasan, pertumbuhan, rasio konversi pakan, rasio efisiensi protein, dan efisiensi pakan. Hasil uji proksimat tepung kayu apu terfermentasi mengandung kadar air sebesar 8,80 %, protein kasar sebesar 15,10%, lemak sebesar 3,12%, kadar abu sebesar 34,5%, dan serat kasar sebesar 33,96%. Tepung kayu apu terfermentasi tidak dapat mensubstitusi tepung kedelai sebagai bahan pakan. Substitusi tepung kedelai dengan tepung kayu apu terferementasi dalam pakan tidak mempengaruhi sintasan, efisiensi pakan dan rasio efisiensi protein namun berpengaruh terhadap penurunan performa pertumbuhan dan peningkatan nilai rasio konversi pakan

Comparison of Pistia Stratiotes and Lemna Minor Plants Potentials in Bioremediation of Domestic Wastewater

Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective biotechnological method of wastewater treatment that involves the use of plants. In this research work, the potentials of Pistia stratiotes and Lemna minor aquatic plants in treatment of wastewater was examined. The two plants were cultivated in the wastewater sample for a period of 10 days. Water quality parameters (turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate) tests was subjected on the untreated (influent) and treated water (effluent) samples at a detention time of 24 hours. The outcome of the analysis demonstrates that P. stratiotes effluent achieved a reduction efficiency of up to 91.9%, 68%, 79.6%, and 71% for turbidity, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate, respectively. Whereas for L. minor treated water samples, the highest reduction efficiency for turbidity, COD, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate was found to be 87.2%, 46%, 48.7%, 83% and 56%, respectively. Hence, the overall outcome obtained indicate that P. stratiotes performed better in improving the quality of domestic wastewater compared to L. minor plants.

A City as a Source of Introduction for Tropical Alien Species (Egeria Densa Planch., Pistia Stratiotes L. & Eichornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms) in Natural Ecosystems with a Temperate Climate

This paper is concerned with the study of ecology and invasive behaviour of southern tropical invaders (Egeria densa, Pistia stratiotes, Eichornia crassipes) in the setting of urban landscape water bodies with a temperate climate (the case of Kyiv, Ukraine). The article explores the role of a city as a source of invasions. It shows that escape from aquaculture (aquariums or decorative ponds) or deliberate release into natural water bodies are the main settlement solution. A brief historical background of these species found in water bodies of Ukraine has been presented. Favourable treatment for modern invasions of pantropical species has been analysed. Phytocoenotic special aspects of the communities formed by these species and ways and possibilities of naturalization of species in natural water bodies have been explored. Production indicators are being analysed.

Phytoremediation of Physico-chemical Parameters in Wastewater Effluents from Car Wash Bays in Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria

Surface water pollution through the discharge of untreated wastewater is on the increase globally. Efforts made using conventional techniques had not yielded the needed results. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of some native aquatic plants for the removal of some physico–chemical parameters from car wash wastewater effluents in Yenagoa metropolis. The plants used for this study were lemna minor, nymphaea nouchalli, pistia-stratiotes, eichhornia crassipes and ceratophyllum demersum; while the physico-chemical parameters investigated in this study include pH, DO, COD, BOD5, NO3, PO4 and turbidity. The wastewater samples collected from car wash bays were analysed to determine the level of the physico-chemical parameters concentrations using standard methods. The experiment was conducted in a green house for 42 days retention period. The results indicated that the cultured plants reduced the physico-chemical parameters to a minimum level, except DO, which increased in concentration. Therefore, they are considered good bioremediators of the parameters under review and the bioremediation potentials of the plants are in the order of P. stratiotes > L. minor > E. crassipes > N. nouchalli> C. demersum. It is therefore recommended that these plants should be used to treat wastewater effluents based on the investigated physico-chemical parameters.

Development of an Open Channel That Also Functions as a Wetland to Reduce Domestic Wastewater

Besides accommodating rainfall-runoff, the drainage channel of the Dukuh Menanggal area in Surabaya also accommodates domestic wastewater. The objective of developing the function is to degrade domestic wastewater pollution that flows into the drainage channel. The wetland is applied in the drainage channel with coarse sand media, Caladium (Caladium), and Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L) plant according to land size planning based on existing discharge, detention time, the porosity of the planting medium, and the root zone of the applied plants. The observed properties of domestic wastewater were Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and detergents. The result is that the treatment of domestic wastewater passes through the artificial wetland in the drainage channel. The constructed wetland can reduce the contamination content of domestic wastewater for the parameters of BOD, COD, and detergents with efficiency levels of 46%, 61.8%, and 69%, respectively.