Genetic Basis of Carnivorous Leaf Development

Plant carnivory is often manifested as dramatic changes in the structure and morphology of the leaf. These changes appear to begin early in leaf development. For example, the development of the Sarracenia purpurea leaf primordium is associated with the formation of an adaxial ridge, whose growth along with that of the leaf margin resulted in a hollow structure that later developed into a pitcher. In Nepenthes khasiana, pitcher formation occurs during the initial stages of leaf development, although this has not been shown at the primordial stage. The formation of the Utricularia gibba trap resulted from the growth of the dome-shaped primordium in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Recent research has begun to unfold the genetic basis of the development of the carnivorous leaf. We review these findings and discuss them in relation to the flat-shaped leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis.

Preparation of Bismuth Tungstate Nanomaterials with Different Morphologies and Their Effect on Exercise Rehabilitation of Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation

It is understood that the effect of exercise rehabilitation drugs in patients with lumbar disc herniation is poor. Some studies have shown that bismuth tungstate nanomaterials with certain morphology can treat the exercise rehabilitation of patients with lumbar disc herniation. In order to help patients with lumbar disc herniation to a certain extent, in this paper, bismuth tungstate nanomaterials with different structures and morphologies were prepared by hydrothermal method, and viscous tungsten nanomaterials with different structures and morphologies were prepared by adjusting the pH value of the solution and the concentration of CTAB. In this paper, the structure and morphology of tungsten samples with different structure and morphology were characterized by CTAB X-ray (XRD) deflection and FESEM. It was found that the morphology of the samples changed after adding 0.02 mol/L surfactant CTAB in the reaction system, and when the concentration of CTAB was 0.04 mol/L, the nanotubes were stacked together under the action of surfactant. When the concentration of CTAB increased to 0.06 mol/L, the self-assembled nanocomposites tended to be petal like.

Super-hydrophobic and photocatalytic antimicrobial activity of iodine-doped ZnO nanoarray films

Iodine (I) doped ZnO nanoarray film (ZnO/ I-X) were prepared on silicon wafer by the in-situ growth method. The structure and morphology of the samples have been test by XRD,...

Formation tantalum coating on NiTi surface by magnetron sputtering technique

The materials of research the structure and morphology of the tantalum coating on the surface of the NiTi alloy in this work presents. Tantalum was deposited by the DC - magnetron sputtering method. The influence of the energy supplied to the magnetron on the formation of the Ta-coating is shown.Changes in the structure of the coating at different stages of its formation are shown.It was found that with a significant decrease in the energy supplied to the magnetron, tantalum is deposited more uniformly. Besides the gradient of mechanical stresses in the coating is reduced.

Application of Electrochemical Deposition in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology

This review paper describes the principle of electrochemical deposition and introduces recent studies applying it to the electrode fabrication of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a next-generation energy conversion device. Electrochemical deposition can easily control the structure and morphology of the deposition layer according to the applied bias/time/temperature, etc., and the process is very simple and possible even at low temperatures. In addition, deposition of cerium-based oxides, which are the representative ion-conductors or mixed-conductors widely used for SOFCs, is also possible <i>via</i> electrochemical deposition. To elucidate the effectiveness/novelty of electrochemical deposition, we present examples of the application of electrochemical deposition in SOFCs. Moreover, examples of using this method to study the properties of a material and/or to fabricate perovskite oxide-based electrodes are included.

Hydrophilic properties of nano-structure silicate synthesis by sol-gel-dipping technique

Nano-structure SiO2 was prepared in this work by use Sol-Gel method. Then, studying optical and structural properties of SiO2, the absorption spectrum was determined in UV region, while nano-structure and morphology was investigated by XRD and AFM respectively. The particle size measured by use AFM Analysis which about (55.12 nm).super hydrophilic was gotten after 1 hour of UV irradiation for the prepared SiO2 thin-film.

Effect of Zr content on the structure and morphology of CrZrN thin films prepared by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering method

In this research, nanostructured chromium zirconium nitride (CrZrN) thin film has been deposited on Si(100) substrates by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering method without in situ substrate heating and post-deposition annealing. The effects of Zr content on thin film structure and morphology were investigated. The Zr content in the films were varied by applied the sputtering current of Zr target (Izr) in the range of 300 to 900 mA, whereas the current of Cr target was kept at 300 mA. The crystal structure, microstructure, morphology, thickness, and chemical composition were characterized by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GA-XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, respectively. The results showed that the increase of Izr not only increased the deposition rate, but also increased the Zr content of the as-deposited film ranging from 3.9 to 26.5 at%. The as-deposited thin films were formed as a (Cr,Zr)N solid solution, with fcc structure in (111) and (200) plane, where Cr atoms were replaced by Zr atoms in the CrN lattice. The 2θ diffraction peaks were shifted to the lower value as increase of Zr content which was obtained by increased Izr. The nanocrystalline CrZrN structure with crystal sizes smaller than 10 nm structure were calculated for as-deposited thin films. The lattice parameters increased from 4.187 to 4.381 Å, whereas the crystal size decreased from 8.3 to 6.4 nm. The FE-SEM images of all the CrZrN films exhibited compact columnar with dense morphology as a function of Zr content. Moreover, the thickness of the CrZrN thin films was increased of 302 – 421 nm.

Graphene oxide and starch gel as a hybrid binder for environmentally friendly high-performance supercapacitors

Alternative green binders processable in water are being investigated for the development of more efficient and sustainable supercapacitors. However, their electrochemical performances have fallen within or below the average of commercially available devices. Herein, an optimised gelled mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and starch, a biopolymer belonging to the family of polysaccharides, is proposed. The molecular interactions between the two components enhance electrodes structure and morphology, as well as their thermal stability. GO, thanks to its reduction that is initially triggered by reactions with starch and further progressed by thermal treatment, actively contributes to the charge storage process of the supercapacitors. The optimised electrodes can deliver a specific capacitance up to 173.8 F g−1 while providing good rate capabilities and long-term stability over 17,000 cycles. These are among the best electrochemical performances achieved by environmentally friendly supercapacitors using a biomaterial as a binder.