scholarly journals Pollinators on the polar edge of the Ecumene: taxonomy, phylogeography, and ecology of bumble bees from Novaya Zemlya

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 85-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigory S. Potapov ◽  
Alexander V. Kondakov ◽  
Boris Yu. Filippov ◽  
Mikhail Yu. Gofarov ◽  
Yulia S. Kolosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

The High Arctic bumble bee fauna is rather poorly known, while a growing body of recent molecular research indicates that several Arctic species may represent endemic lineages with restricted ranges. Such local endemics are in need of special conservation efforts because of the increasing anthropogenic pressure and climate changes. Here, we re-examine the taxonomic and biogeographic affinities of bumble bees from Novaya Zemlya using historical samples and recently collected materials (1895–1925vs.2015–2017). Three bumble bee species inhabit the Yuzhny (Southern) Island and the southern edge of Severny (Northern) Island of this archipelago:BombusglacialisFriese, 1902,B.hyperboreusSchönherr, 1809, andB.pyrrhopygusFriese, 1902.Bombusglacialisshares three unique COI haplotypes that may indicate its long-term (pre-glacial) persistence on Novaya Zemlya. In contrast,BombushyperboreusandB.pyrrhopygusshare a rather low molecular divergence from mainland populations, with the same or closely related haplotypes as those from Arctic Siberia and Norway. A brief re-description ofBombuspyrrhopygusbased on the newly collected topotypes is presented. Habitats, foraging plants and life cycles of bumble bees on Novaya Zemlya are characterized, and possible causes of extremely low bumble bee abundance on the archipelago are discussed. The species-poor bumble bee fauna of Novaya Zemlya is compared with those in other areas throughout the Arctic. The mean bumble bee species richness on the Arctic Ocean islands is three times lower than that in the mainland Arctic areas (3.1vs.8.6 species per local fauna, respectively). General linear models (GLMs) indicate that this difference can be explained by specific environmental conditions of insular areas. Our findings highlight that the insularity is a significant factor sharply decreasing species richness in bumble bee assemblages on the Arctic Ocean archipelagoes through colder climate (lower summer temperatures), prevalence of harsh Arctic tundra landscapes with poor foraging resources, and in isolation from the mainland.

Species richness and distribution of chondrichthyan fishes in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas

Biodiversity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lynghammar ◽  
J.S. Christiansen ◽  
C.W. Mecklenburg ◽  
O.V. Karamushko ◽  
P.R. Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

transport into the Arctic Ocean from underwater nuclear tests in Chernaya Bay, Novaya Zemlya

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Smith ◽  
K.M. Ellis ◽  
L. Polyak ◽  
G. Ivanov ◽  
S.L. Forman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Nuclear Tests

scholarly journals Endemicity and Community Composition of Marine Species along the NW Pacific and Adjacent Arctic Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Saeedi ◽  
Marianna Simoes ◽  
Angelika Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Philippine Sea ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

The Northwestern (NW) Pacific Ocean lies in one of the most productive, speciose, and diverse regions of the World Ocean, and includes several shallow-water oceanic islands and deep-sea basins of varying depth, hydrology, and degree of isolation. The adjacent Arctic Ocean areas include the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas of the Arctic Ocean with short food chains and shallow depths characterizing high productivity areas. Despite its magnitude and relevance, characterization of species diversity and community composition patterns in the NW Pacific Ocean remains poorly explored and largely unknown. Here we attempt to discover how geographic boundaries and depth shape current community assemblages and delimit species distribution ranges and richness using open access data. We also show how endemicity and community composition vary between tropical and temperate NW Pacific and the adjacent Arctic Ocean considering sampling bias. The Eastern Philippine Sea was the hotspot of species richness in the NW Pacific and its adjacent Arctic Ocean even when accounting for sampling bias. The lowest species richness was observed in Papau. Despite high species richness in the Eastern Philippine Sea, the Yellow Sea and Gulf of Tonkin had the highest endemicity rates (ca. 60%) among all other ecoregions. Endemicity ranged 20–40% across 19 ecoregions. Chordata, Arthropoda, and Mollusca contributed more than 50% to the total community composition in the NW Pacific where as Arthropoda, Annelida, and Mollusca were the dominant taxa shaping ca. 82% of the Arctic Ocean community. Pelagic species richness was higher than the benthic one in both shallow-water and deep-sea regions of the NW Pacific Ocean. However, in the shallow and deep Arctic Ocean, most of the taxa were benthic excluding the deep Kara Sea where pelagic deep-sea species dominated the whole community. Two significantly distinctive clusters (North and South clusters) were classified based on species richness similarity analysis in this area including ecoregions of the (1) Arctic Ocean and North NW Pacific, and (2) Mid to South NW Pacific.

scholarly journals Long-distance dispersal of migrant butterflies to the Arctic Ocean islands, with a record of Nymphalis xanthomelas at the northern edge of Novaya Zemlya (76.95°N)

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Ivan N. Bolotov ◽  
Ivan A. Mizin ◽  
Alisa A. Zheludkova ◽  
Olga V. Aksenova ◽  
Yulia S. Kolosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ocean Islands

Although migrant butterflies are rare (or sporadically seen) guests on the Arctic Ocean islands, there is a slowly growing dataset on repeated occurrences of these insects in insular tundra and polar deserts. Altogether six long-distance migrant butterfly species were found to cross wide marine barriers north of the Arctic Circle (66.56°N), i.e. Vanessa atalanta, V. cardui, Nymphalis antiopa, N. xanthomelas, Aporia crataegi, and Pieris napi. Migrant individuals of V. cardui discovered on Svalbard (up to 78.27°N in 1978) reflect the farthest dispersal event of butterflies to the Arctic ever reported. Our record of N. xanthomelas at the northern margin of Novaya Zemlya (76.95°N) represents the northernmost finding of this species globally, reflecting the world’s second farthest record of northern poleward immigration of butterflies. This occurrence coincides with an exceptionally warm summer season, when the third highest July and second highest August air temperature occurred (since global records began in 1880). Furthermore, the immigration into Novaya Zemlya coincides with a population explosion and massive expansion of N. xanthomelas in Siberia in 2019–2020. Our air current reconstructions indicate that this species most likely immigrated into Novaya Zemlya from mainland regions situated south-southeast (Polar Urals, Yugorsky Peninsula, and western Yamal) and east (Taymyr) of the archipelago. Overall, our findings reveal that long-distance dispersal events of butterflies to the Arctic islands are always linked to massive expansions of the corresponding species in mainland areas.

scholarly journals A Russian discovery in the Arctic ocean at the time of Columbus

Nordlit ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid S. Chekin
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
German Scholar ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Fourth Book ◽  
Modern Russian

In the last decades of the fifteenth century, at least three texts by Italian and German humanists included reports on an Arctic island newly discovered by the Russians. Modern Russian scholarship variously identifies this island as Spitsbergen (meaning a part or even the whole archipelago presently named Svalbard) or Novaya Zemlya. This article suggests that the still enigmatic Arctic discovery was largely shaped by theoretical assumptions of late medieval geographers. The rumors about the island closely followed the route through Europe of the famous German scholar and poet Conrad Celtis, and they may go back to one and the same source. A search for this Arctic island in Celtis’s own body of work reveals its description in his poem, Germania generalis, and in one of his erotic geographic elegies, the Amores. It is further argued that Celtis may have left the only cartographic depiction of the island on his Barbara Codonea map, printed as an illustration to the fourth book of the Amores.

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