Changes in respiratory virus infection trends during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: the effectiveness of public health measures

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic posed a severe global threat on public health, as do so by influenza viruses (influenza) and other coronaviruses. Here we present chimpanzee adenovirus 68 (AdC68)-based vaccines designed to universally target coronaviruses and influenza. Our design is centered on an immunogen generated by fusing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) to the conserved stalk of H7N9 hemagglutinin (HA). Remarkably, the constructed vaccine effectively induced both SARS-CoV-2-targeting antibodies and anti-influenza antibodies in mice, consequently affording protection from lethal SARS-CoV-2 and H7N9 challenges and effective H3N2 control. We propose our AdC68 vectored coronavirus-influenza vaccine as a universal approach toward curbing respiratory virus-causing pandemics. IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic exemplifies the severe public health threat of respiratory virus infection, as do so by influenza A viruses. The currently envisioned strategy for prevention of respiratory virus-causing diseases requires comprehensive administration of vaccines tailored for individual virus. Here we present an alternative strategy by designing chimpanzee adenovirus 68-based vaccines targeting both SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding-domain and conserved stalk of influenza hemagglutinin. When tested in mice, this strategy attained potent neutralizing antibodies against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 as well as its emerging variants, enabling an effective protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Notably, it also entitled a complete protection from lethal H7N9 challenge and efficient control of H3N2-induced morbidity. Our study opens a new avenue to universally curb respiratory virus infection by vaccination.

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Respiratory Virus Infection: Recent Advances

10.3389/978-2-88963-862-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Respiratory Virus ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Respiratory Virus Infection

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Activated mouse eosinophils protect against lethal respiratory virus infection.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718196313.793519304 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Kazuhiro Ito ◽

Thomas Colley

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Respiratory Virus ◽

Respiratory Virus Infection

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Characteristics of Respiratory Virus Infection During the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Beijing

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3548768 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Li ◽

Jiangshan Wang ◽

Chunting Wang ◽

Qiwen Yang ◽

Yingchun Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Respiratory Virus ◽

Respiratory Virus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus

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Respiratory virus infection in hospitalized children in Austria 1979–1982. Diagnosis by immunofluorescence

Infection ◽

10.1007/bf01640896 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 185-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Therese Popow-Kraupp ◽

C. Kunz ◽

E. Huber

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Respiratory Virus ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Respiratory Virus Infection

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Rapid disappearance of influenza following the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Hamilton, Ontario

Canada Communicable Disease Report ◽

10.14745/ccdr.v47i04a04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (04) ◽

pp. 202-208

Author(s):

Kevin Zhang ◽

Avika Misra ◽

Patrick J Kim ◽

Seyed M Moghadas ◽

Joanne M Langley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Influenza A ◽

Respiratory Virus ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Health Measures ◽

Bayesian Linear Regression ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

The Impact

Background: Public health measures, such as physical distancing and closure of schools and non-essential services, were rapidly implemented in Canada to interrupt the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to investigate the impact of mitigation measures during the spring wave of COVID-19 on the incidence of other laboratory-confirmed respiratory viruses in Hamilton, Ontario. Methods: All nasopharyngeal swab specimens (n=57,503) submitted for routine respiratory virus testing at a regional laboratory serving all acute-care hospitals in Hamilton between January 2010 and June 2020 were reviewed. Testing for influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza I–III, adenovirus, and rhinovirus/enterovirus was done routinely using a laboratory-developed polymerase chain reaction multiplex respiratory viral panel. A Bayesian linear regression model was used to determine the trend of positivity rates of all influenza samples for the first 26 weeks of each year from 2010 to 2019. The mean positivity rate of Bayesian inference was compared with the weekly reported positivity rate of influenza samples in 2020. Results: The positivity rate of influenza in 2020 diminished sharply following the population-wide implementation of COVID-19 interventions. Weeks 12–26 reported 0% positivity for influenza, with the exception of 0.1% reported in week 13. Conclusion: Public health measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with a reduced incidence of other respiratory viruses and should be considered to mitigate severe seasonal influenza and other respiratory virus pandemics.

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Estimating the Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Against COVID-19 on Mumps Incidence in Sichuan, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-366263/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wenqiang Zhang ◽

Rongsheng Luan

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Respiratory Virus ◽

Moving Average ◽

Sarima Model ◽

Potential Reduction ◽

Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽

Health Measures ◽

Virus Incidence ◽

The Impact ◽

Pharmaceutical Interventions

Abstract Background: A series of social and public health measures have been implemented to contain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. We examined the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on mumps incidence as an agent to determine the potential reduction in other respiratory virus incidence.Methods: We modelled mumps incidence per month in Sichuan using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, based on the reported number of mumps cases per month from 2017-2020. Results: The epidemic peak of mumps in 2020 is lower than in the preceding years. Whenever compared with the projected cases or the average from corresponding periods in the preceding years (2017-2019), the reported cases in 2020 markedly declined (P<0.001). From January to December, the number of mumps cases was estimated to decrease by 36.3% (33.9% - 38.8%), 34.3% (31.1% - 37.8%), 68.9% (66.1% - 71.6%), 76.0% (73.9% - 77.9%), 67.0% (65.0% - 69.0%), 59.6% (57.6% - 61.6%), 61.1% (58.8% - 63.3%), 49.2% (46.4% - 52.1%), 24.4% (22.1% - 26.8%), 30.0% (27.5% - 32.6%), 42.1% (39.6% - 44.7%), 63.5% (61.2% - 65.8%), respectively. The total number of mumps cases in 2020 was estimated to decrease by 53.6% (52.9% - 54.3%).Conclusion: Our study shows that non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 have had an effective impact on mumps incidence in Sichuan, China.

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