Application of the HACCP Concept for the Microbiological Monitoring of Drinking Water Quality: A Case Study of Three Water Treatment Plants in the Gauteng Province, South Africa

This case study characterizes the drinking water quality by using the multivariate technique. The spatial variation of the physico-chemical and heavy metals parameters toxicity with the drinking water quality based on 28 water treatment plants in Selangor, Malaysia from 2009 to 2012 was evaluated. The objectives of this study are to analyze the physio-chemical activities and heavy metals activities in the collected drinking water samples from the treatment plants, and to detect the source of pollution for the most revealing parameters. The discriminant analysis (DA) and the principal component analysis (PCA) are the chemometric techniques used to investigate the spatial variation of the most significant physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters of the drinking water samples. The classification matrix accuracy for standard mode of DA, forward stepwise and backward stepwise for the physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters are excellent. PCA highlighted 13 significant parameters out of 18 physico-chemical water quality parameters and 14 significant parameters out of 16 heavy metal parameters. PCA was carried out to identify the origin and source of pollution of each water quality parameters. For that reason, this study proves that chemometric method is the principle way to explain the characteristic of the drinking water quality.

Download Full-text

Long-Term Drinking Water Quality Assessment Using Index and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Three Water Treatment Plants of Erbil City, Iraq

UKH Journal of Science and Engineering ◽

10.25079/ukhjse.v2n2y2018.pp39-48 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 39-48

Author(s):

Hayder Mohammed Issa ◽

Reem Ahmed Alrwai

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Water Supply ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Water Treatment Plants

Safe source of drinking water is always considered as an essential factor in water supply for cities and urban areas. As a part of this issue, drinking water quality is monitored via a useful scheme: developing drinking water quality index DWQI. DWQI is preferably used as it summarizes the whole physicochemical and bacteriological properties of a drinking water sample into a single and simple term. In this study, an evaluation was made for three drinking water treatment plants DWTPs named: Efraz 1, Efraz 2 and Efraz 3 that supply drinking water to Erbil City. The assessment was made by testing thirteen physicochemical and two bacteriological parameters during a long period of (2003 – 2017). It has been found that turbidity, electrical conductivity EC, total alkalinity, total hardness, total coliform and fecal coliform have more influence on drinking water quality. DWQI results showed that the quality of drinking water supplied by the three DWTPs in Erbil City fallen within good level. Except various occasional periods where the quality was varying from good to fair. The quality of the drinking water supply never reached the level of marginal or poor over the time investigated. The applied hierarchical clustering analysis HCA classifies the drinking water dataset into three major clusters, reflecting diverse sources of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameter: natural, agriculture and urban discharges.

Download Full-text

Combination of low-pressure UF membranes with conventional water treatment systems

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002437 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 584-591

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Low Pressure ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Membrane Systems ◽

System Combination ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

Uf Membranes

The purpose of the study was to improve drinking water quality of conventional treatment processes by combining with UF-membrane systems. Performances of two membrane systems were evaluated in two different full-scale conventional water treatment plants in Istanbul. Low-pressure UF membranes were combined after settling and filtration units of Büyükçekmece and Emirli water treatment plants. Low-pressure UF systems were operated under vacuum and pressure conditions. The experimental results indicated that combining UF systems enhanced drinking water quality with respect to turbidity, TOC and UV254 removal. In all cases, vacuum-driven UF membranes provided higher treatment performance and low energy consumption comparing to pressure-driven system. Combination with UF membranes also reduced disinfection by-products.

Download Full-text