Industrial environmental control and technical regulations for cancer-causing emissions from thermal power plants

Current environmental safety rules and regulations require power companies to apply for comprehensive environmental permits calculating permissible emissions of cancer-causing and mutagenic substances for each source of pollution. Difficulties of instrument testing and monitoring of cancer-causing emissions prevent industrial companies from adequate regulatory limit applications. The author of this paper proposes research results on gas duct sizing for boiler plants in order to allow engineers performing correct instrument testing for compliance with the requirements of comprehensive environmental permits.

An Eye in the Sky Tracks Air Pollution Inequality in U.S. Cities

A new study uses its data to show that diesel traffic is the largest source of pollution inequality across racial and economic divides

Co-Pyrolysis of PCB with Cotton Stalk: Product Characterisation

With advancing technology, PCB (Printed circuit board), one of the most important components of e-waste, has become a source of pollution due to an ineffective waste management system. This problem can be solved by converting PCB waste into a valuable product which will emerge to maximize the renewable energy supplies. In this aspect, co-pyrolysis is advantageous in both simple and successful in producing high-quality pyrolysis oil. In this paper, cotton stalk (CS) as biomass was used for co-pyrolysis with PCB. Slow pyrolysis of PCB, CS, and co-pyrolysis of PCB:CS (1:1) have been carried out for temperatures up to 500 \(℃\) in a fixed-bed reactor. The products of pyrolysis: oil was analysed by GC-MS and FTIR and gas had been analysed by GC. The results indicate that there is an increase in oil yield from 19.6% to 27.5 % by weight and phenol and phenolic compounds in oil of co-pyrolysis from 60.94–76.82% than literature available. As per authors knowledge co-pyrolysis of PCB:CS has been attempted first time and the products characterisation were found completely different than any other biomass co-pyrolysis with PCB.

Assessing the Impact of Lining Polluted Streams on Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of the Eastern Nile Delta Aquifer, Egypt

Groundwater is considered to be an important water supply for domestics, industry, and irrigation in many areas of the world. Renewable groundwater is recharged by rainfall and seepage from canals and open drain networks. Agricultural and industrial drainage, as well as domestic drainage, represent the main discharges into open drains. Therefore, these drains are considered to be a source of recharge as well as a source of pollution. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of the Bahr El Baqar drain system on groundwater quality in the Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt. MODFLOW was used to create a numerical model to simulate groundwater flow in an aquifer and MT3DS was used to simulate solute transport from the open contaminated Bahr El Baqar drain to the groundwater. Two approaches were developed in the study area. The first approach was applied to investigate the impact of increasing the abstraction rates on the contaminant transport into the aquifer, the second approach was developed to identify the effect of lining the drain using different materials on contaminant extension in the aquifer to protect groundwater quality in the east Nile Delta Aquifer. The results showed that the TDS values increased by 18.23%, 23.29%, and 19.24% with increased abstraction rates of 15%, 34%, and 70%, resulting from population increases in 2010, 2025, and 2040, respectively; however, the TDS in the aquifer decreased from 0.6%, to 6.36%, 88.35%, and 90.47% by using lining materials.

Vertical profile of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the core sediment found in Langkawi, Kedah

Aim: To determine the concentration of PAHs by layers in each core sediment around one of Malaysia's tourism-oriented areas and to distinguish and classify the origin of PAHs in core sediments using index of molecular ratios. Methodology: The individual compounds and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were studied in 72 cm and 54 cm long sediment core, each that were taken in the Kuah Jetty and a rural area between Tanjung Ayer and Tanjung Batu Kulat of Langkawi Island. A total of 12 PAHs were determined and quantified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Kuah Jetty, Langkawi's total PAH concentrations of sediment core layers ranged from 45.82 ng g-1 to 252.43 ng g-1. Furthermore, the total PAH concentrations of the sediment core layers from the rural area between Tanjung Ayer and Tanjung Batu Kulat ranged between 28.97 ng g-1 to 312.20 ng g-1. Interpretation: The potential application of a combination of molecular ratios and individual concentrations of PAH in determining the origin and source of pollution in sediments resulted in the determination of low to moderate pollution and indicated mixed sources of PAHs in the study area.

Distribution of Oil, Grease and Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Coastal Water and Sediments of Suez Bay

Permanganate index (PI), oil and grease (O&G) and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were tested in 13 sites of surface sediment and water samples collected from the western coast of Suez Bay (SB). PI and O&G in the SB coastal seawater ranged from 9.6 mg O2 L− 1 and 17.0 mg L− 1 to 16.0 mg O2 L− 1 and 37.0 mg L− 1, respectively. Petroleum aromatic hydrocarbon levels of water and sediment in the area offshore of SB have been determined by Gas Chromatography. The concentration ranged from 0.574 to 16873.2 ng g− 1 in sediment and 0.502 to 43.540 ng L− 1 in water. The observed data were compared with values reported in the literature. The possible source of pollution was also identified by using gas chromatographic analysis of the samples.

Tracking the Causes of a Mass Fish Kill at a Mediterranean River within a Protected Area

In this study, an extreme event observed at the intermittent Mediterranean Bogdanas River within the territory of the protected area of the National Park of Lakes Koronia-Volvi and Macedonian Temp that led to a mass fish kill was investigated. We aimed to define the main pressures affecting water quality and biota, specifically fish. No organic poisons, pesticides or heavy metal concentrations were detected in fish tissue, while high values of BOD5, COD, TN and conductivity were measured in water samples. These results, combined with the prevailing hydroclimatic factors (high temperatures and low water flow), lead to the assumption that mass fish mortality was triggered by high organic loads discharged from an upstream point source of pollution, and in particular an active landfill.

The Consequences Of Environmental Pollution Can Be Fatal

Environmental pollution is the import of a foreign chemical substance or energy in a stable form into the environment in a concentration or quantity, which at a given moment causes direct damage to the environment, parts of nature, living beings or human health. Pollution or contamination means the presence of a foreign chemical substance in the environment, in a concentration or volatile form that does not cause direct harm to human health or other living organisms in a short time. Pollution is sought to be prevented by controlling the source of pollution. Man’s actions endanger and pollute the soil, air and water. Pollution can cause illness and even death in chronic patients.

Aerotechnogenic Pollution of Boreal Forests in Northern Europe

This paper discusses the changes that boreal forest ecosystems undergo under the influence of gaseous waste from the processing of non-ferrous ores on the Kola Peninsula. These communities are represented primarily by pine forests growing on the northern border of their range. The main forest-forming species here is Scots pine main components for this local aeronautical emission are polymetallic dust and sulfur dioxide, which is the main by-product during the roasting of sulfide and polysulfide ores. The studies were carried out on the basis of materials obtained at 6 sample plots located at different distances from the pollution source. As a result, an exponential increase in the content of heavy metals in the soil, as well as in the assimilatory organs of the components of these communities, was shown when approaching the source of pollution (this pattern is different for each of the metals). Regularities of negative changes in the structure of some components of plant communities, such as phytomass, projective cover of the lower layers, and the vital structure of the tree layer were also identified.