Impact of dietary leaf extracts of Black pepper Piper nigrum L. on the growth, hematological and immunological parameters of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) cultured in glass aquaria

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Piper nigrum (black pepper) leaf extract on on the growth performance, proximate composition, hematological parameters, and immune response of Labeo rohita fingerlings with an average weight of 22.14 ± 0.98g. Aftrer acclimation for two weeks, fish (n=25) were randomly selected and placed in four glass aquaria (T0, T1, T2 and T3) at constant water temperature (30.0 ± 1.0 °C), pH (7.50 ± 0.5) and total hardness (200 ± 2.0 mgL,-1) for a period of 12 weeks, with three replicates each. Fish were fed with P. nigrum leaf extract supplemented feed @ 0.0%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% in T0, T1,T2 and T3, respectively. At the end of experiment, five fish were randomly selected from each aquaria for proximate composition, gut and skin microbial load, hematological parameters. Total proteins, albumins, and globulins were also recorded to evaluate immunological memory. The result revealed that fish in T2 showed better growth performance with an average weight gain of 56.11 ± 0.51 g. Thus, it had been concluded that Piper nigrum, a medicinal plant, can also be used to enhance the growth performance and immune response of Labeo rohita as attractive alternatives against antibiotics and vaccines and has shown no negative side effects on fish health as well as on its environment.

Tendency of Change in Water Quality of the Main Shirvan Collector Over a Long Period

The article examines the tendency of changes in the hydrochemical regime of the water of the Main Shirvan collector over a long period of time and the suitability of the collector water for irrigation. Continuous laboratory analyzes performed between 2004 and 2019 were compared to 1986. According to experimental data, it was determined that the hydrochemical regime of the collector water is gradually improving, and the salt content is decreasing. The degree of mineralization of the collector water decreased by 2.3 times, the total hardness by 2.2 times, the number of chloride ions by 10.5 times, the number of calcium ions by 1.3 times, the number of magnesium ions by 2.8 times, the total number of cations sodium and potassium decreased by 3.9 times. For 2004–2019 biochemical oxygen consumption in collector water increased 7.9 times, chemical oxygen demand increased 7.5 times, and the number of suspended particles increased 9 times. The amount of iron ions in water decreased by 2 times, while the amount of aluminum and zinc did not change. The suitability of collector water for irrigation was determined according to 7 internationally accepted assessment criteria. Collector water is considered suitable for irrigation in accordance with 6 assessment criteria — the degree of salinity, irrigation coefficient, sodium sorption coefficient, potential salinity, water alkalinity index and percentage of sodium, as well as 1 criterion not suitable for irrigation — the percentage of magnesium. Collector water can be used to irrigate crops.

Physicochemical Parameters and Suitability for Irrigation of Groundwater Resources from Biskra Area (Southeastern Algeria)

This study is part of the more general framework for diagnosis of the quality of water resources in the Biskra area and its suitability for irrigation. This work reports the results of an analysis of physicochemical groundwater quality. Groundwater samples were collected from 12 boreholes in different aquifers exploited in the area, and used for drinking and domestic purposes. The results showed that the water of the limestone aquifer (Maastrichtian) is better than other aquifers (phreatic, Miopliocene, Lower Eocene). This affects more particularly the pH, conductivity (mineralization), total hardness, and concentration of the major elements. As far as the same aquifers (phreatic, Miopliocene, Lower Eocene), present water which classified mediocre highly mineralized for irrigation because EC > 2250 μS/cm (class 4). The Maastrichtian aquifer presents a poor water quality (class 3), according to the Riverside classification.

Surface Water Quality Assessment, Prediction & Modelling of River Daya in Odisha

A decision tree -based approach is projected to predict surface water quality and is a good tool to assess quality and guarantee property safe use of water for drinking. The most objective of this study is to assess the surface water quality of the Daya watercourse to work out the quality of drinking functions. Samples were collected from designated locations throughout totally different seasons (winter, summer, rainy) over a amount of five years (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020). Total dissolved solids, pH, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, iron, fluoride, were all tested as well as total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli. The main goal is to use decision tree regression to construct a model to assess and predict water quality changes in the Daya geographic region of Odisha, India, and compare it to statistical methods.

Object Based Modelling for the Irrigation Suitability using Hydrogeochemical Parameters and Land use Dynamics in the Lower Ganga

The north Indian Ganga basin is one of the densely populated basins of the world. Most agricultural and industrial contaminants drained throughout the river length are likely to be accumulated in the lower part of the Ganga basin. We used ten derived irrigation suitability parameters, which are obtained from 495 sampling points locations, besides using long term climate data (GLDAS_NOAH025_M) using “Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution” (TOPSIS) model to get the irrigation suitability map. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) using TOPSIS helps make the best choices from the available finite number of alternatives based on their ranking. The obtained entropy weight for irrigation suitability parameters such as Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Hardness (MH), Sodium Percent (Na%), Total Hardness (TH), Kelly’s ratio (KR), Permeability Index (PI), Chloride concentration (Cl−), Groundwater Level Fluctuation (GWLF), and lang factor (Df) are found to be 0.08, 0.14, 0.02, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.01, 0.32, 0.29 and 0.01 respectively. We find that SAR, Cl−, and GWLF controls the water quality for irrigation in the Lower Ganga basin since these parameters have relatively higher entropy weights (more than 0.10). The results obtained from the computed performance index or the closeness coefficient show that the area percent having very good, good, and very poor groundwater quality in the Lower Ganga basin is 34.67%,42.36%, and 22.97%, respectively. The LULC change pattern indicates that the percentage change of water and agricultural land was -11.96 and -0.86%, whereas an increase in the settlement area of 131.42% for the period between 2000 and 2015.

Evaluating the source and Quality of River and Groundwater using hydrochemistry and stable isotopesin Tawi Watershed, Jammu District, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Hydrogeochemical and isotopic composition of river and groundwater in Kandi and Sirowal belts of Jammu District in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir was carried out to understand the recharge source and chemical nature of these waters for drinking water quality criteria. Physical parameters (temperature, pH, Total dissolved solids, total hardness and electrical conductivity), major cations and anions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-) and stable isotopes (d18O and d2H) inTawi river and groundwater samples from hand pumps and tube wells were measured. The dominant cation is Ca2+ and the dominant anion HCO3- implyingCaHCO3type water in both river and groundwater. To assess the quality of water for drinking purposes, Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) has been calculated. The GWQI indicates that Kandi and Sirowal belts are showing “Excellent” to “Good” category for drinking purposes. The stable isotopic composition of river water and groundwater is indicative of meteoric origin and enrichment before groundwater recharge. The stable isotopes in water suggest that the active canals in Sirowal belt,and rainfall and river water near the banks in Kandi belt contribute to ground water recharge.

Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Water Quality Index, Principal Component and Cluster Analyses: A Case Study

This study assessed groundwater quality in Can Tho city, Vietnam using groundwater quality index (GWQI), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA). Groundwater samples were collected in April (dry season) and October (rainy season) in 2019 and then analyzed for thirteen parameters: pH, color, total hardness, chloride, sulfate, chemical oxygen demand, magnesium, total iron, nitrate, arsenic, lead, mercury, and coliforms. The results showed that the values of these parameters were mainly within the Vietnamese regulations on groundwater quality, except for coliform density. Computed GWQI values in all monitoring sites were lower than 50 and suitable for potable purposes. The GWQI values in the dry season were slightly higher than in the rainy season because of higher concentrations of Cl-, SO42-, COD, As, Pb, and coliforms in the southeast of Can Tho. The results of CA revealed that 27 monitoring sites can be divided into nine clusters in the dry season and five clusters in the rainy season, which means that more noticeable spatial variation in groundwater quality occurred in the dry season. The PCA results can explain 63.4% and 73.9% of the total variation in the dry season via 4PCs and in the rainy season via 3PCs, respectively. It also indicated that this water resource could be affected by different sources such as industrial and agricultural activities, domestic wastewaters, and saltwater intrusion. These findings can be useful for policymakers in assessing current groundwater status and recognizing threats to its quality, and then developing long-term management policy.

Physicochemical and bacteriological screening of pathogenic microorganisms from aquarium water collected from katabon area in Dhaka city

Globally, the ornamental fish business has a high demand for its popularity as well as for its profitability. However, microbial contamination, nutrient depletion and accumulation of organic materials are the major factors in an aquafarming system which can cause death of aquatic animal and causes financial losses. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of fish aquarium water. Water of different time interval after treatment (7 days, 20 days, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days) were taken from the different aquariums. A set of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, transparency, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, conductivity were found within the approved standard concentration for fish. The present study also reveals the microbiological status of the aquaculture water where the total viable count ranging from 2.20×104 to 4.20×104 cfu/ml. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were present in all samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were also done to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of microbes isolated from aquarium water. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 20-23

Chemical Pond Water Contamination–icpms Investigations in the Various Areas of Eluru City, Andhra Pradesh, India-a Case Study.

The several stagnant water resources contamination in urban areas mainly caused by anthropogenic activities and as well as pathogenic organisms. The objective of the present study is to determine the chemical contamination in pond water regardingsudden appearance of health problems among the people of certain areas in Eluru, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The results of ICP-MS investigations showed elemental impurities in water samples and physio-chemical parameters of pond water such as pH, TDS, EC, CC , Total Hardness etc., are studied in detailed.

Ichthyofaunal diversity with relation to environmental variables in the snow-fed Tamor River of eastern Nepal

Tamor River in eastern Nepal supports diverse hill stream fishes. From winter, spring, summer, and autumn of 2020, we investigated the ichthyofaunal diversity with environmental variables in the snow-fed Tamor River covering four seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn) and field surveys were carried out in January, April, July, and October 2020. We used two cast nets of different sizes, one with a mesh size of 2 cm, 6 m diameter and 6 kg weight and another having 0.5 cm, 3 m diameter and 2 kg weight. In addition, monofilament gill nets with mesh sizes of 6, 8, and 10 were used for fish sampling. A total of 6,373 fish individuals representing 28 species belonging to three orders, seven families, and 16 genera were recorded. One-way permutational multivariate analysis of variance (perMANOVA) on the Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) showed no significant (P >0.05) difference between winter, spring, and autumn season but summer season showed significant (P <0.05) difference from winter, spring, and autumn seasons. Furthermore, one-way analysis of variance on redundancy analysis (RDA) vindicated that among the selected parameters, pH, air temperature and total hardness were the influencing factors (P <0.05) to determine the fish community structure in Tamor River.