scholarly journals Passive Integrated Transponder Tags: Review of Studies on Warmwater Fishes With Notes on Additional Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chris Musselman ◽  
Thomas A. Worthington ◽  
Joshua Mouser ◽  
Desiree M. Williams ◽  
Shannon K. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Tag Retention ◽  
Half Duplex ◽  
Pit Tagging

Abstract Although numerous studies have assessed retention and survival of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, data are scattered and information gaps remain for many diminutive fishes. Our study objectives were to 1) systematically review PIT tag studies and summarize retention, growth, and survival data for warmwater fishes; and 2) conduct a laboratory study to evaluate the retention, survival, and growth effects of intracoelomic-placed, half duplex PIT tags on six small-bodied species common to warmwater streams. Our systematic review suggested small sample sizes were common within PIT tag retention and survival studies (39% with n ≤ 20) and that many experiments (15%, 14 of 97) failed to use control fish as part of their evaluations. Studies focused primarily on short-term changes (15 d to 2 y) in tag retention and survival. Tag retention was equal to or greater than 90% in 85% of the experiments reviewed and median survival was 92%. Growth was reported by fishes in the majority of reviewed studies. We found similar results after PIT tagging (peritoneum tagging using 12- or 23-mm half duplex tags) adult Cardinal Shiner Luxilus cardinalis, Central Stoneroller Campostoma annomalum, Greenside Darter Etheostoma blennioides, Orangethroat Darter Etheostoma spectabile, Slender Madtom Noturus exilis, and juvenile Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu. Tag retention for all species was high, with only one tag loss recorded after 60 d. Survival was also high (≥88%) for all of our species with the exception of Orangethroat Darter (56% survival). No significant difference in mean growth between treatment and control groups was found. Both our results and the findings of the literature review suggested generally high tag retention and low mortality in tagged fishes (across 31 species reviewed). However, within our study (e.g., Orangethroat Darter) and from the literature, examples of negative effects of PIT tagging on fishes were apparent, suggesting methodological testing is prudent before using PIT tags in field studies. We suggest future studies would benefit from addressing the behavioral implications that may be associated with tagging and examination of longer-term tag retention. Furthermore, standard reporting (i.e., sample sizes) in PIT tag studies would be beneficial, and use of control subjects or groups for statistical comparisons is needed.

Successful use of a passive integrated transponder (PIT) system for below-ground detection of plethodontid salamanders

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M. Connette ◽  
Raymond D. Semlitsch
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Pit Tagging

Context Passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology allows for permanent and unambiguous marking of animals and has recently been adapted for locating tagged individuals in the field with portable detection systems. Aims We seek to assess the effects of PIT tagging on the growth and survival of plethodontid salamanders in the laboratory and to evaluate the effectiveness of this method for subterranean detection of salamanders in the field. Methods In a laboratory experiment, we assigned 36 Plethodon shermani to either a PIT tag or control group and compared survival and growth rates over the course of 9 weeks. For the field study, we implanted six Plethodon metcalfi with PIT tags and conducted surveys so as to determine their below-ground positions with a portable detector. Key results We found no effect of PIT tagging on either growth or survival in the laboratory. In the field, PIT telemetry resulted in an overall detection efficiency of 44%, with nighttime surveys yielding a greater detection efficiency than daytime surveys. This technique provided a significant improvement over traditional hand-capture because detected salamanders were rarely visible on the ground surface. Key conclusions Our study indicates that even these relatively small-bodied salamanders (range: 2.14–5.18 g) are capable of bearing PIT tag implants and confirms the results of previous studies that found no effect of PIT tagging on the health or survival of amphibians. This study further demonstrates that the use of a portable PIT detector can be an effective method for locating below-ground salamanders. Implications Because of the small size and long lifespan of PIT tags, we believe portable PIT detectors can provide researchers with an unprecedented level of detail for studies of the movement behaviour, spatial ecology and management of species that are small or otherwise challenging to detect and monitor with other techniques.

Genetic markers reveal high PIT tag retention rates in giant salamanders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shem D. Unger ◽  
Nicholas G. Burgmeier ◽  
Rod N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Tag Retention ◽  
Cryptobranchus Alleganiensis ◽  
Genetic Tagging ◽  
Secondary Methods

Estimation of population size using mark-recapture (MRR) methods are based on the fundamental assumption that individuals retain their marks throughout the course of study. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags are useful as a cost effective, reliable marking method in many amphibian and reptile species. Few studies however, use secondary methods to evaluate tag retention rates. Failure to do so can lead to biased population estimates, erroneous conclusions, and thus poor management decisions. Surprisingly, estimates of PIT tag retention are currently lacking for the majority of amphibian species, many of which are experiencing population declines. Herein, we use genetic tagging to assess the retention of PIT tags of the eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis). We captured and tagged 78 individuals across 35 sites. Recapture rate was 24% and genetic tagging revealed 100% tag retention across all recaptured individuals.

scholarly journals Behavioral Response of Bats to Passive Integrated Transponder Tag Reader Arrays Placed at Cave Entrances

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Britzke ◽  
Mark W. Gumbert ◽  
Matthew G. Hohmann
Keyword(s):  
Pit Tag ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Winter Activity ◽  
Initial Sampling ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract An increasingly popular mark–recapture method to study the ecology of bats is the use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Deployment of PIT reader arrays at entrances to caves and mines can yield insight into bat behavior during swarming, winter activity, and emergence. This application has the potential to address questions about bat activity at cave and mine entrances in response to white-nose syndrome or bat seasonal movements; however, no studies have examined the response of bats to these arrays. We describe bat response to placement of PIT tag reader arrays using camcorders and supplemental infrared illuminators at three cave entrances near Bloomington, Indiana, during spring 2006. A random subset of 5-min periods was viewed and bat behavior was classified. Circling represented >70% of all behavior noted for two caves but only represented approximately 30% of behavior at the third cave. Proportions of observed activity that resulted in contacts or landings were consistently low across the three caves (x̄  =  1.34%; range 0.5–3.0%), with most contacts causing bats to simply change course and fly away. Based on our observations, positioning reader PIT tag reader arrays at cave entrances to passively recapture PIT tags does not limit bat movements. However, video monitoring during initial sampling efforts of future projects should be conducted to verify appropriate placement and configuration of PIT tag reader arrays. This research provides data illustrating the lack of significant impact in using PIT tag reader arrays at cave entrances, thereby opening up the potential use of this technology to address issues of bats ecology that cannot be obtained with other marking techniques.

scholarly journals Performance of a Pool and Weir Fishway for Iberian Cyprinids Migration: A Case Study

Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedescoll ◽  
Aguado ◽  
Marcos ◽  
González
Keyword(s):  
Fish Populations ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Passage Efficiency

One of the movement barriers that fish populations must overcome for migration success in the upper basin of Tormes river (Salamanca, Spain) is a 20 m high dam. The design of its pool and weir fishway for potamodromous fishes (mostly Iberian barbel—Luciobarbus bocagei—and Northern straight-mouth nase—Pseudochondrostoma duriense) to overcome the obstacle was improved in 2013. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of the fishway using FDX passive integrated transponder (PIT)-Tags inserted into the fish and PIT-Tag detection antennas at the fishway. During several sampling events, 7113 barbel and nase individuals were tagged and released at the point of capture along the basin (2538 and 4575 of which were tagged downstream and upstream, respectively). PIT-Tag Detection Antennas close to the top and bottom of the fishway monitored tagged fish continuously for 10 months (from March to December 2017), to analyze the performance of the fishway. Upstream passage efficiency was greater for barbel (60% and 25% for barbel and nase, respectively). Differences in passage efficiency between species may be due to differences in their size. Mean length for barbels attempting to pass was 336 mm (±47 mm) while for nases was 143 mm (±26 mm). Moreover, both the number of attempts to pass and ascend time for nases were higher than for barbels. Entrance efficiency was low (3.5% and 10.8% for barbel and nase, respectively), although 2017 was a very dry year, thus these results are most likely influenced by flow rates. Therefore, the fishway has proved to be functional but is actually poor for efficiency purposes, especially for small fish.

Wedgie Gold: Using metal detectors to recover PIT tags under areas used by wedge-tailed eagles and barn owls

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
M. Blythman ◽  
C. Sims ◽  
G. Eliot
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Metal Detectors ◽  
Roost Trees

A metal detector was used to recover passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags from below wedge-tailed eagle and barn owl nests and roost trees. The effectiveness of four different metal detectors to locate PIT tags and Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme (ABBBS) bands were compared. Twenty PIT tags from 14 golden bandicoots, five burrowing bettongs and one rufous hare-wallaby were recovered from wedge-tailed eagle sites. One unreadable PIT tag was recovered from a barn owl site. This technique has potential for use in determining the survivorship of translocated threatened species.

Suitability of Passive Integrated Transponder Tags for Marking Live Animals for Trade.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Freeland ◽  
K Fry
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Animal Trade ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder Tags ◽  
Environmental Interference

Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags were subject to a series of experimental manipulations designed to simulate conditions operating during the course of trade in animals. Experiments were designed to determine the effects of tag-wand angle of orientation, various barriers between tags and wands and different wand-readers on the distance at which a reading could be made. The distances at which readings can be made are subject to influences by all three variables. The effect of tag-wand angle of orientation is likely to be trivial under most circumstances. Of more importance to the utility of PIT tags for animal trade is environmental interference, particularly that due to metallic barriers (plate or mesh). Different wand-readers produce idiosyncratic results in relation to orientation of the tag and wand and type of barrier. Implantation of tags in cane toads (Bufo marinus) indicates that tags are long lived and reliable. Loss of tags from the toads was relatively rare and probably due to error during the insertion of tags. PIT tags proved resistant to preservation in formalin or ethanol, and to the decomposition of animals in which they had been inserted. Tags inserted into 14 species of Australian mammal provided reliable identification of individuals, and were lost only from species that fly (bats) or are arboreal and glide (a petaurid marsupial). PIT tags are outstandingly reliable and provide for rapid identification of individual animals. Limitations to the use of PIT tags in trade in animals are the inability to conduct readings from a distance (>50mm), and their vulnerability to environmental interference. Technological improvements in taglscannerlreader design may improve the distance from which readings may be made, and cages could possibly be designed in ways that minimise environmental interference. Until these developments have occurred, the PIT tag does not provide cost-effective improvements in the ability to identify animals used in trade.

scholarly journals Application of PIT tags for individual identification of turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>)

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oesau ◽  
G. Thaller ◽  
C. Schulz ◽  
J. Tetens
Keyword(s):  
Retention Rate ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Tag Retention ◽  
Correct Function ◽  
Turbot Scophthalmus Maximus

Abstract. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags only work in very close proximity of the receiver (cm distance). Therefore, active transponders are mainly used in behavioural monitoring. In the present study, the effects of intraabdominal implantation of PIT tags on survival, well-being and growth performance of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were investigated. Furthermore, the tag retention rate and read out error rate of all tags were examined. Passive integrated transponder tags were implanted in the abdominal cavity of nearly 6 000 turbots. All tags were readout and checked for correct function over a period of 122 days every five and a half weeks. No significant effects of tagging on fish survival (mortality rate <0.2 %), health or growth were detected during the trial period. Tag retention rate was 100 % and no malfunctions were observed. Results suggest that turbots can be marked with PIT tags in the abdominal cavity without obvious negative influences on performance traits and tag retention rate.

scholarly journals Long-Term Retention of Passive Integrated Transponder Tags Injected into the Pelvic Girdle of Adult Walleye

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-596
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Meerbeek
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Pit Tagging

Abstract We assessed long-term retention of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags injected into the subcutaneous musculature between the pelvic fins of adult Walleye Sander vitreus via collecting fish from natural lakes in northwestern Iowa during April 2015, examining fish for the presence of an existing visual implant tag (used as secondary mark), implanting PIT tags in a representative subsample of previously marked fish, and recapturing fish during subsequent annual surveys. Of the 332 Walleye (range = 444–706 mm; mean total length = 544 mm; standard deviation = 43) PIT tagged in 2015, 87 of 88 (98.9%) recaptured from 1 to 4 y after tagging retained their tag. We captured 23 Walleye more than once (≥ 2 y after tagging) and all Walleye had retained their tag on their second or third recapture. This study and others demonstrate that the pelvic girdle was an effective PIT-tagging location for long-term studies evaluating adult Walleye population dynamics. In addition, the low probability of tags being encountered in fish fillets by anglers makes this a desirable tag location for Walleye studies where Walleye are often targeted for consumption. These studies collectively demonstrate that PIT tags inserted into the pelvic girdle of a range of Walleye sizes yield retention rates suitable for advanced population modeling or stocking evaluations.

Effects of tag type, morphological location and tagger experience on tag retention rates in freshwater fishes

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Jarod P. Lyon ◽  
Robin Hale ◽  
Adrian Kitchingman ◽  
Justin O'Connor ◽  
Joanne Sharley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Tag Retention ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Murray Cod ◽  
Pit Tagging ◽  
River Fish ◽  
Rejection Rates

Mark–recapture of fish is often used to inform fisheries or conservation management. Given that variability in tagging efficiencies can affect estimates of population size, it is important that rates of tag rejection are quantified. We double tagged over 45000 large-bodied, long-lived fish in a turbid lowland river in south-eastern Australia. During yearly recapture fish surveys, data on tag rejection were collected. We found that the probability of tag rejection varied as a function of fish species, tag type and tagger experience. Floy tags were more likely to be rejected as dart tags in large-bodied golden perch Macquaria ambigua (6 and 3% respectively), silver perch (18 and 4% respectively) and trout cod (19 and 7% respectively), whereas rates of rejection in the large-bodied Murray cod Maccullochella peelii were similar for both tag types (12 and 10% respectively). More experienced taggers had lower rates of rejection, which varied between 1 and 48% for individual taggers. We trialled three morphological locations for passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging of fish, with rejection rates lowest for tags implanted in the stomach cavity and highest for those implanted in the pectoral musculature. This study presents the first tag rejection rates for dart, floy and PIT tags for lowland Australian river fish, information that can help guide future monitoring programs.

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