Carbonated water injection (CWI) induces oil swelling and viscosity reduction. Another advantage of this technique is that CO2 can be stored via solubility trapping. The CO2 solubility of brine is a key factor that determines the extent of these effects. The solubility is sensitive to pressure, temperature, and salinity. The salting-out phenomenon makes low saline brine a favorable condition for solubilizing CO2 into brine, thus enabling the brine to deliver more CO2 into reservoirs. In addition, low saline water injection (LSWI) can modify wettability and enhance oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. The high CO2 solubility potential and wettability modification effect motivate the deployment of hybrid carbonated low salinity water injection (CLSWI). Reliable evaluation should consider geochemical reactions, which determine CO2 solubility and wettability modification, in brine/oil/rock systems. In this study, CLSWI was modeled with geochemical reactions, and oil production and CO2 storage were evaluated. In core and pilot systems, CLSWI increased oil recovery by up to 9% and 15%, respectively, and CO2 storage until oil recovery by up to 24% and 45%, respectively, compared to CWI. The CLSWI also improved injectivity by up to 31% in a pilot system. This study demonstrates that CLSWI is a promising water-based hybrid EOR (enhanced oil recovery).
Enhanced Wettability Modification and CO2 Solubility Effect by Carbonated Low Salinity Water Injection in Carbonate Reservoirs
