Fermented Cream for Curd Fortified with Probiotic Cultures: Biotechnological Aspects

Introduction. Contemporary food industry strives to increase the production volume of high-quality and biologically complete protein products. The Foodnet market also raised the demand for functional foods in Russia. The research objective was to develop a new functional curd product fortified with probiotic microflora. Study objects and methods. The study featured cow’s milk, skimmed milk, cream, whey protein concentrate Milkiland-WPC 80, pollen, glutamine, starter cultures DVS Danisco Probat 576 and Howaru Bifido ARO-1, buckwheat flour, and oat flour. The experiment included physicochemical, sensory, biochemical, and microbiological methods. Results and discussion. The milk-protein base of the curd product was produced in a GEA Westfalia KDB 30 curd separator. The research involved 15 and 20% cream with two different starter cultures. In case of 15% cream, Probat 576 Howaru Bifido appeared to be 1.66 times more active than ARO-1 Howaru Bifido, in case of 20% cream the result was even higher – 1.73 times. Probat 576 also demonstrated a better active acidity, i.e. 5.5 after three hours, which was two hours faster than ARO-1. Mathematical modeling revealed the positive effect of buckwheat and oat flour on the cream fermentation process. Oat flour (5%) was the optimal prebiotic, while buckwheat flour added its color to the final product, thus spoiling its market quality. Conclusion. The new biotechnology for a curd product fortified with probiotic cultures can expand the range of functional products for sports diet.

General practices to enhance bast fiber composite properties for state of art applications – a review

Composite materials are revolutionizing to realize the demanding needs of aeronautical, automobile, construction, chemical, and biomedical applications. The natural fiber composite is chosen as one of the best choices among composites due to its sustainable goods like eco-friendly nature, better properties and Greenhouse gas (GHG) balance. Furthermore, the bast fiber composites are identified as promising industrial composites based on the availability, strength-to-weight ratio, manufacturing ease, and economics for commercialization. However, product quality and production volume significantly influence commercial adoption of the bast fiber composites. Especially the product quality primarily suffer due to climatic conditions, damage while harvesting, extraction method, retting issues, and extraction location. Consequently, this review aims to provide an overview of the bast fibers & their composites, properties enhancement techniques, overall mechanical behaviours and thermal stability with suitable applications.

Current state, prospects and problems of the gold mining industry of the Trans-Baikal Territory

The article considers the current state, problems and prospects of gold mining in the Trans-Baikal Territory. There has been an increase in the volume of gold production from ore and placer deposits over the past 5 years. Placer deposits make up a significant part of the total production volume. The reduction of reserves in placers and the decrease in the quality of minerals in them open up new prospects for the extraction of precious metals, namely in ore gold mining. The extraction of placer gold, even with the best existing technologies, remains a sector of high environmental risk, in many settlements there is a gradual decline in the population and the “extinction” of settlements, as well as illegal gold mining is gaining momentum. Neither regional nor federal environmental supervision bodies have the opportunity to resist the destruction and degradation of nature from the extraction of placer gold. In general, this leads to an increase in the negative impact of placer gold mining on natural complexes and socio-economic sustainable development of regions and municipalities on the territory of which this type of activity is carried out, an increase in accumulated environmental damage.

Optimized High Precision Stacking of Fuel Cell Components for Medium to Large Production Volumes

PEM fuel cells are well established in a number of niche markets. However, due to low production volume and manufacturer-specific designs, the assembly has been carried out manually most of the time. With new fields of application being exploited there is a rising demand for production systems. As there is no standardized design or material, production systems are often custom-made, thus being inflexible to design changes or different products. In combination with a volatile demand the need for flexible and scalable systems arises. In this paper special attention is paid onto pick and place operations of the catalyst coated membrane (CCM). Design criteria of a vacuum gripper are derived from the material properties. To meet the further requirements for a high position accuracy in an automated assembly the impact of process parameters onto the repeatability is investigated to identify optimization trends. The requirements and investigations lead to a conceptual assembly system that is able to cover several steps in fuel cell production.

INTERNAL FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE SUCCESS OF PERUVIAN EXPORTS OF GINGER TO THE UNITED STATES IN THE PERIOD 2006 – 2020

This study analyzed the internal determining factors in ginger exports to the United States, being a controversial issue at the international level, due to the demand for exports of multiple products; to describe the internal factors that influence the success of ginger exports and making known the relationship with each of these, concerning the exported quantity, whether the result is favorable or not. The focus of this study is quantitative; it was based on the multiple linear regression model applied to our sample, which is the United States. Numerical data of ginger exports, export price, production volume, Investment in technology and innovation in trade, and exported value of Trademap during the period 2006 - 2020 were obtained. Through the econometric model, it was obtain that there is a direct relationship significant between the export price and the exported quantity (p < 0.05), that is; the greater the quantity of ginger exported, the lower the export price, and the higher the production volume, the greater the quantity of ginger exported (p < 0.05), the greater the investment in technology and innovation in trade, the greater the quantity exported (p < 0.05). These results provide accurate information for medium and large exporting companies of agricultural products, farmers, producers; the results show the key factors that lead to the success of Peruvian ginger exports.

Changes in Quality of Economic Planning in the Late USSR: Technological and Institutional Dynamics

Introduction. Studying the Soviet economic performance is important in searching for arguments in the ongoing debate on the possibilities of routine and strategic planning application for economic development of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to identify the dynamics of the planning quality of the Soviet economy in the framework of the institutional approach to economic history. Materials and Methods. The author constructed a data set filled with available information on key growth indicators (national income, production volume and labor productivity, capital investment) targeted in five-year and annual plans, which passed their way from initial drafts proposed by academic economists and employees of the State Planning Commission to approved legal documents, and to the further implementation, presented in branch (industry, agriculture, retail) and spatial (union republics) breakdown. The archival data on the growing activity of the State Planning Commission for revising the approved planned indicators is of our primary contribution. Results. The author highlights the factors underlying the deviations for key planned aggregated indicators that arose at various stages of their preparation, adoption and revision, between their approved figures and actual performance. The results of the data analysis basically confirmed our hypothesis that the technological improvement of the planning process was largely offset by the deterioration of institutional interactions between its subjects. Discussion and Conclusion. While there were signs of an increase in the role of scientists in the process of drafting five-year plans from the second half of the 1950s to the mid-1970s, then from the second half of the 1970s we find less and less evidence that they played a meaningful role in the short and medium term planning processes. On the other hand, our analysis revealed a significantly higher level of fulfillment in annual breakdown compared to five-year one. This confirms the view that just annual plans performed more operational functions, as compared to the motivational ones, in managing the Soviet economy.

Comparative assessment of amateur fishing influence on water bioresources of Lake Tsatsa in Volgograd region

The paper presents the results of research conducted in 2020 on the impact of amateur fishing on the aquatic bioresources of Lake Tsatsa, which is part of the Sarpin Lakes located in the Volgograd region. On the basis of field studies (direct accounting), the number of amateur fishermen who visited the lake, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of their catches, was established. According to the data obtained, the total catch of fish by amateur fishermen, as well as the average catch per fisherman, was estimated. The size and weight composition of amateur fishing catches was determined based on the analysis of 2912 fish species. During the observation period 9 fish species were marked as part of amateur fishermen’s catches. The assessment of compliance of aquatic biological resources catch by amateur fishermen with the norms of the current Fishing Regulations was carried out. An assessment of the scale of amateur fishing impact on the aquatic bioresources of Lake Tsatsa is given, according to the analysis of the collected data. The catch of amateur fishermen in 2020 in Lake Tsatsa is amounted to 8.8232 tons, which can account for up to 15% (about 65-70 tons) of the total stock of commercial fish species in the lake. The forecast values of the production volume for industrial fisheries, for which the total allowable catch (TAC) is established and the species for which the recommended catch is determined, are 5.9 and 18.6 tons, respectively. Out of the forecast volumes amateur fishermen additionally catch fish species for which the total allowable catch (TAC) is established (carp, bream, pike) in the amount of 2.858 tons, and species for which the recommended catch value is determined as 5.643 tons.

Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Pembuatan Gula Merah Di Kelurahan Kassa Kecamatan Batulappa Kabupaten Pinrang

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Kassa Kecamatan Batulappa Kabupaten Pinrang dari bulan Agustus sampai bulan September 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor produksi ( pohon aren, harga gula merah, biaya produksi, jumlah pohon, jumlah produksi). Pada pendapatan pengrajin gulan aren di Kelurahan Kassa Kecamatan Batulappa Kabupaten Pinrang. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini kemudian diolah menggunakan rumus analisis Pendapatan. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada lima yaitu harga gula aren, biaya, volume produksi, tenaga kerja, jumlah pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukan variabel harga gula aren dan jumlah produksi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan sedangkan biaya, tenaga kerja dan jumlah pohon tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan pengrajin gula merah. Hasil uji F disimpulkan bahwa variabel bebas sangat berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan pengrajin gula merah. Hasil uji R square menunjukan bahwa 98,9% variabel pendapatan pengrajin gula merah dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel jumlah pohon aren, jumlah produksi, tenaga kerja, dan harga. Sedangkan 1,1% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak di ukur dalam penelitian This research was conducted in Kassa Village, Batulappa District, Pinrang Regency from August to September 2019. This study aims to determine the factors of production (palm trees, brown sugar prices, production costs, number of trees, number of production). On the income of palm sugar craftsmen in Kassa Village, Batulappa District, Pinrang Regency. The type of data used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were then processed using the analysis formula income. There are five variables used in this research, namely palm sugar price, cost, production volume, labor, number of trees. The results showed that the variable palm sugar price and the amount of production had a significant effect on income, while the cost, labor and number of trees had no significant effect on the income of the brown sugar craftsmen. The results of the F test concluded that the independent variable greatly influenced the income of the brown sugar craftsmen. The results of the R square test show that 98.9% of the income variable of the brown sugar craftsmen can be explained by the variables of the number of palm trees, the amount of production, the labor, and the price. Meanwhile, 1.1% is influenced by other variables that are not measured in the study.

Predictive control of the starting pressure of the main oil pipeline

The article calculates the starting pressures and the time of safe shutdown of the pipeline during the transportation of high-viscosity and high pour point oils, the rheological properties of which depend on temperature. When the oil temperature decreases, its viscosity increases and paraffins are released, forming a strong structure, for which additional stress is necessary to shift. To start a stopped oil pipeline transporting oil with such characteristics, the pressure developed by the pumps may not be enough. In this regard, it is necessary to determine the safe time of stopping the oil pipeline. The relevance increases with an increase in the share of high-viscosity and high pour point oil in the total production volume. Predictive control, based on the analysis of data on the characteristics of the transported product and forecasting the nature of their changes, is an intelligent tool for managing the efficiency of technological transport enterprises. Predictive control allows you to choose the optimal way to ensure reliable and trouble-free operation of the main equipment of hydrocarbon transport systems.A numerical experiment was carried out for the effect of seasonal cooling devices to protect permafrost soils from thawing, at the time of a safe shutdown of the oil pipeline. The values of starting pressures have been determined. Dependence of the pressures on the duration of the safe shutdown of the pipeline has been established. It was revealed that due to the operation of seasonally operating cooling devices, the difference between the temperature soil and oil increases during cooling, and the cooling rate increases. More pressure will be required to launch such an oil pipeline.

Features of the winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

The current paper has presented the characteristics of the new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. Winter wheat is the most valuable grain food crop grown in vast areas. Breeding plays an important role in increasing production volume and improving grain quality as the basis of the country’s food fund. Expanding grain crops area, among which wheat predominates, there is a problem of crop rotation. Therefore, the development of unified varieties capable of producing stable high grain yields after various forecrops is one of the most urgent areas of breeding work for winter bread wheat. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” according to the main economically valuable traits. Due to the intensive breeding work over the past decade, on the basis of some of the best zoned varieties ‘Ermak’, ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Donskoy syurpriz’ there was developed a number of new promising genotypes, which are already being used in production sowings of winter wheat in the Rostov region and other regions of our country. The new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type ‘Lydia’, ‘Kapitan’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Volny Don’, ‘Zhavoronok’ and ‘Polina’ are more productive than their parental forms. In combination with grain of high quality, resistance to bio and abiotic environmental factors, they are very valuable, beneficial for cultivation and improvement of the production of commercial wheat grain of high quality.