scholarly journals ESTABLISHING BIOMECHANICAL MODEL OF HUMAN BODY FOR RESTORING STANDING FUNCTIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHENG-LIANG LIU ◽  
CHUNG-HUANG YU ◽  
SHIH-CHING CHEN ◽  
WEN-SHAN WU
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Future Plan ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Cord Injury

This work presents a five-segment biomechanical model of the human body for paraplegics of spinal cord injury (SCI) with thoracic nerve injury. When the functional electrical stimulation (FES) system is used to restore sit-to-stand function, the biomechanical model can be used to analyze the position, force, and moment of the human body at every joint through inverse dynamics. A series of data taking from SCI patient under FES of restoring sit-to-stand function are implemented on the model. The results help realize the role of each joint and muscle in the sit-to-stand process so as to improve the rehabilitation in the future plan.

scholarly journals C.04 Motor cortex electrical stimulation to promote spinal cord injury repair in an animal model

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S12-S12
Author(s):  
A Jack ◽  
A Nataraj ◽  
K Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Biphasic Pulse ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Axonal Sprouts ◽  
Electrode Insertion

Background: Electrical stimulation (ES) to promote corticospinal tract (CST) repair has been recently examined, though remains under investigated. We examine the role of motor cortex ES on axonal re-growth and functional recovery in a spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model. Methods: A partial transection was performed at C4 in 48 rats. Animal groups included: ES333 rats (n=14; 333Hz, biphasic pulse, 0.2ms every 500ms), ES20 (n=14; 20Hz, biphasic pulse, 0.2ms every 1ms), SCI only (n=10), and sham (n=10; electrode insertion without ES). Rats were trained in stairwell-grasping with subsequent SCI and ES. Post-injury reaching scores were recorded weekly, and histology completed quantifying axonal re-growth. Results: Post-SCI grasping (p<0.01, ANOVA) and well reached were lower than baseline values (p<0.01, ANOVA) for all groups. ES20 animals had lower grasping scores (p=0.03, ANOVA) and farthest well reached scores post-SCI than controls (p=0.03, ANOVA). ES333 rats had more axonal collaterals (axonal sprouts rostral to lesion) compared to control animals (p<0.01, M-W). No difference was found between groups with respect to axonal regeneration into the lesion (p=0.13, ANOVA). Conclusions: Cortical ES of the injured CST results in greater axonal outgrowth, and influences functional outcomes depending on ES parameters. ES is a potentially promising SCI therapy, but further investigation is required.

scholarly journals The role of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation and regeneration after spinal cord injury

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Karamian ◽  
Nicholas Siegel ◽  
Blake Nourie ◽  
Mijail D. Serruya ◽  
Robert F. Heary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractElectrical stimulation is used to elicit muscle contraction and can be utilized for neurorehabilitation following spinal cord injury when paired with voluntary motor training. This technology is now an important therapeutic intervention that results in improvement in motor function in patients with spinal cord injuries. The purpose of this review is to summarize the various forms of electrical stimulation technology that exist and their applications. Furthermore, this paper addresses the potential future of the technology.

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Electrical Stimulation-Induced Leg Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sutton ◽  
A. J. Thomas ◽  
G. M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Leg Muscle

Abstract:Electrical stimulation-induced leg muscle contractions provide a useful model for examining the role of leg muscle neural afferents during low-intensity exercise in persons with spinal cord-injury and their able-bodied cohorts. Eight persons with paraplegia (SCI) and 8 non-disabled subjects (CONTROL) performed passive knee flexion/extension (PAS), electrical stimulation-induced knee flexion/extension (ES) and voluntary knee flexion/extension (VOL) on an isokinetic dynamometer. In CONTROLS, exercise heart rate was significantly increased during ES (94 ± 6 bpm) and VOL (85 ± 4 bpm) over PAS (69 ± 4 bpm), but no changes were observed in SCI individuals. Stroke volume was significantly augmented in SCI during ES (59 ± 5 ml) compared to PAS (46 ± 4 ml). The results of this study suggest that, in able-bodied humans, Group III and IV leg muscle afferents contribute to increased cardiac output during exercise primarily via augmented heart rate. In contrast, SCI achieve raised cardiac output during ES leg exercise via increased venous return in the absence of any change in heart rate.

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