scholarly journals C.04 Motor cortex electrical stimulation to promote spinal cord injury repair in an animal model

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S12-S12
Author(s):  
A Jack ◽  
A Nataraj ◽  
K Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Biphasic Pulse ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Axonal Sprouts ◽  
Electrode Insertion

Background: Electrical stimulation (ES) to promote corticospinal tract (CST) repair has been recently examined, though remains under investigated. We examine the role of motor cortex ES on axonal re-growth and functional recovery in a spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model. Methods: A partial transection was performed at C4 in 48 rats. Animal groups included: ES333 rats (n=14; 333Hz, biphasic pulse, 0.2ms every 500ms), ES20 (n=14; 20Hz, biphasic pulse, 0.2ms every 1ms), SCI only (n=10), and sham (n=10; electrode insertion without ES). Rats were trained in stairwell-grasping with subsequent SCI and ES. Post-injury reaching scores were recorded weekly, and histology completed quantifying axonal re-growth. Results: Post-SCI grasping (p<0.01, ANOVA) and well reached were lower than baseline values (p<0.01, ANOVA) for all groups. ES20 animals had lower grasping scores (p=0.03, ANOVA) and farthest well reached scores post-SCI than controls (p=0.03, ANOVA). ES333 rats had more axonal collaterals (axonal sprouts rostral to lesion) compared to control animals (p<0.01, M-W). No difference was found between groups with respect to axonal regeneration into the lesion (p=0.13, ANOVA). Conclusions: Cortical ES of the injured CST results in greater axonal outgrowth, and influences functional outcomes depending on ES parameters. ES is a potentially promising SCI therapy, but further investigation is required.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological Changes and the Role of Notch-1 Activation After Decompression in a Compressive Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Cheng ◽  
Zhengran Yu ◽  
Jinghui Xu ◽  
Daping Quan ◽  
Houqing Long
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Surgical Decompression ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Notch 1 ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Function Recovery ◽  
Cord Injury

Surgical decompression is the primary treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients with compressive spinal cord injury (CSCI). However, the prognosis of patients with CSCI varies, and the pathophysiological changes following decompression remain poor. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological changes and the role of Notch-1 activation after decompression in a rat CSCI model. Surgical decompression was conducted at 1 week post-injury (wpi). DAPT was intraperitoneally injected to down-regulate Notch-1 expression. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores and an inclined plane test were used to evaluate the motor function recovery. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to assess pathophysiological changes, while hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), von Willebrand factor (vWF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-2, Notch-1, and Hes-1 expression in the spinal cord were examined by immunohistochemical analysis or quantitative PCR. The results show that early decompression can partially promote motor function recovery. Improvements in structural and cellular damage and hypoxic levels were also observed in the decompressed spinal cord. Moreover, decompression resulted in increased VEGF and vWF expression, but decreased MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression at 3 wpi. Expression levels of Notch-1 and its downstream gene Hes-1 were increased after decompression, and the inhibition of Notch-1 significantly reduced the decompression-induced motor function recovery. This exploratory study revealed preliminary pathophysiological changes in the compressed and decompressed rat spinal cord. Furthermore, we confirmed that early surgical decompression partially promotes motor function recovery may via activation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway after CSCI. These results could provide new insights for the development of drug therapy to enhance recovery following surgery.

The role of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex in movement control after spinal cord injury: A TMS study

2013 ◽  
Vol 552 ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Nardone ◽  
Yvonne Höller ◽  
Peter Höller ◽  
Natasha Thon ◽  
Aljoscha Thomschewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals ESTABLISHING BIOMECHANICAL MODEL OF HUMAN BODY FOR RESTORING STANDING FUNCTIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHENG-LIANG LIU ◽  
CHUNG-HUANG YU ◽  
SHIH-CHING CHEN ◽  
WEN-SHAN WU
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Future Plan ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Cord Injury

This work presents a five-segment biomechanical model of the human body for paraplegics of spinal cord injury (SCI) with thoracic nerve injury. When the functional electrical stimulation (FES) system is used to restore sit-to-stand function, the biomechanical model can be used to analyze the position, force, and moment of the human body at every joint through inverse dynamics. A series of data taking from SCI patient under FES of restoring sit-to-stand function are implemented on the model. The results help realize the role of each joint and muscle in the sit-to-stand process so as to improve the rehabilitation in the future plan.

scholarly journals The role of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation and regeneration after spinal cord injury

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Karamian ◽  
Nicholas Siegel ◽  
Blake Nourie ◽  
Mijail D. Serruya ◽  
Robert F. Heary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractElectrical stimulation is used to elicit muscle contraction and can be utilized for neurorehabilitation following spinal cord injury when paired with voluntary motor training. This technology is now an important therapeutic intervention that results in improvement in motor function in patients with spinal cord injuries. The purpose of this review is to summarize the various forms of electrical stimulation technology that exist and their applications. Furthermore, this paper addresses the potential future of the technology.

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Electrical Stimulation-Induced Leg Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sutton ◽  
A. J. Thomas ◽  
G. M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Leg Muscle

Abstract:Electrical stimulation-induced leg muscle contractions provide a useful model for examining the role of leg muscle neural afferents during low-intensity exercise in persons with spinal cord-injury and their able-bodied cohorts. Eight persons with paraplegia (SCI) and 8 non-disabled subjects (CONTROL) performed passive knee flexion/extension (PAS), electrical stimulation-induced knee flexion/extension (ES) and voluntary knee flexion/extension (VOL) on an isokinetic dynamometer. In CONTROLS, exercise heart rate was significantly increased during ES (94 ± 6 bpm) and VOL (85 ± 4 bpm) over PAS (69 ± 4 bpm), but no changes were observed in SCI individuals. Stroke volume was significantly augmented in SCI during ES (59 ± 5 ml) compared to PAS (46 ± 4 ml). The results of this study suggest that, in able-bodied humans, Group III and IV leg muscle afferents contribute to increased cardiac output during exercise primarily via augmented heart rate. In contrast, SCI achieve raised cardiac output during ES leg exercise via increased venous return in the absence of any change in heart rate.

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