SMALL-ANIMAL MOLECULAR IMAGING WITH PORTABLE DEVICES ON CLINICAL PINHOLE SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SYSTEMS

Objectives: We have developed a portable system compatible with various clinical gamma cameras to perform three-dimensional (3D) small-animal molecular imaging. The spatial resolution of this system is close to that of commercial animal imaging systems, although its cost is much lower. Methods: The portable system consists of a rotating stage, a leveling plate, a line source phantom, and a calibration phantom. To obtain high-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images, we developed several methods for system alignment and applied geometric calibration. The projections of the subject were reimaged according to the calibration parameters and reconstructed by the 3D ordered subsets expectation maximization (OS-EM) algorithm. Results: The resulting images of the microdeluxe phantom showed 2.4-mm cold rods. The image quality of phantom scanning was stable when the portable system was applied to various gamma cameras from different manufacturers. The resultant images of a 99mTc-MDP bone scan of a mouse showed details of the spine, femur, pelvis, and tail. Furthermore, a radiopharmaceutical study of 99mTc-HYNIC-Annexin V on a liver inflammation-induced mouse was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of this system for small-animal molecular imaging. Conclusions: The newly developed portable system was compatible with various gamma cameras and enabled successful performance of small-animal molecular imaging.

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Neurobiology of Chronic Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders: Evidence from Molecular Imaging Studies

Chronic Stress ◽

10.1177/2470547017710916 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 247054701771091 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Margaret T. Davis ◽

Sophie E. Holmes ◽

Robert H. Pietrzak ◽

Irina Esterlis

Keyword(s):

Molecular Imaging ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Single Photon ◽

Photon Emission ◽

Emission Computed Tomography ◽

Single Photon Emission ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Single Photon Emission Computed ◽

Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Chronic stress accounts for billions of dollars of economic loss annually in the United States alone, and is recognized as a major source of disability and mortality worldwide. Robust evidence suggests that chronic stress plays a significant role in the onset of severe and impairing psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Application of molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography in recent years has begun to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which chronic stress confers risk for these disorders. The present paper provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of all positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography imaging publications focused on the examination of molecular targets in individuals with major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or bipolar disorder to date. Critical discussion of discrepant findings and broad strengths and weaknesses of the current body of literature is provided. Recommended future directions for the field of molecular imaging to further elucidate the neurobiological substrates of chronic stress-related disorders are also discussed. This article is part of the inaugural issue for the journal focused on various aspects of chronic stress.

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