MAC Layer Protocols for Cognitive Radio Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 154-189
Author(s):  
Lokesh Chouhan ◽  
Aditya Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Multiple Antenna ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Access Mode ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Technical Issues

In the last few decades, the Cognitive Radio (CR) paradigm has received huge interest from industry and academia. CR is a promising approach to solve the spectrum scarcity problem. Moreover, various technical issues still need to be addressed for successful deployment of CRNs, especially in the MAC layer. In this chapter, a comprehensive survey of the Medium Access Control (MAC) approaches for CRN is presented. These MAC technologies under analysis include spectrum sharing, multiple antenna techniques, cooperation, relays, distributed systems, network convergence, mobility, and network self-optimization. Moreover, various classifications of MAC protocols are explained in this chapter on the basis of some parameters, like signaling technique, type of architecture, sharing mode, access mode, and common control channel. Additionally, some case studies of 802.11, 802.22, and Mobile Virtual Node Operator (MVNO) are also considered for the case study. The main objective of this chapter is to assist CR designers and the CR application engineers to consider the MAC layer issues and factors in the early development stage of CRNs.

scholarly journals Achievable Rate of Spectrum Sharing Cognitive Radio Multiple-Antenna Channels

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 4847-4856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokman Sboui ◽  
Hakim Ghazzai ◽  
Zouheir Rezki ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Achievable Rate ◽  
Multiple Antenna

Cognitive Radio Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 491-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Gupta ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Dhurandher ◽  
Bhoopendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Dynamic Spectrum Access ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Limited Spectrum

The radio spectrum is witnessing a major paradigm shift from fixed spectrum assignment policy to the dynamic spectrum access, which will completely change the way radio spectrum is managed. This step is required to greatly reduce the load on limited spectrum resources, which is being enforced by the exponential growth of wireless services. This is only feasible due to the capabilities of the cognitive radio, which will provide a new paradigm in wireless communication by exploiting the existing unused spectrum bands opportunistically. The chapter provides insight into recent developments in the area of cognitive radio networks with the main focus on review of the spectrum management, which consists of four main challenges: sensing of selected spectrum band, decision about sensed spectrum, sharing of spectrum among many users, and spectrum handoff. Further, sharing of target channel after a channel handoff is analyzed using game theory to get a different perspective on the existing medium access techniques.

scholarly journals Channel Selection Algorithm Optimized for Improved Performance in Cognitive Radio Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tlouyamma ◽  
Mthulisi Velempini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Channel Allocation ◽  
Cognitive Radios ◽  
Channel Selection ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Improved Performance

AbstractA major concern in the recent past was the traditional static spectrum allocation which gave rise to spectrum underutilization and scarcity in wireless networks. In an attempt to solve this challenge, cognitive radios technology was proposed. It allows a spectrum to be accessed dynamically by Cognitive radio users or secondary users (SU). Dynamic access can efficiently be achieved by making necessary adjustment to some Medium access control (MAC) layer functionalities such as sensing and channel allocation. MAC protocols play a central role in scheduling sensing periods and channel allocation which ensure that the interference is reduced to a tolerable level. In order to improve the accuracy of sensing algorithm, necessary adjustments should be made at MAC layer. Sensing delays and errors are major challenges in the design of a more accurate spectrum sensing algorithm. This study focuses on designing a channel selection algorithm to efficiently utilize the spectrum. Channels are ordered and grouped to allow faster discovery of channel access opportunities. The ordering is based on descending order of channel’s idling probabilities. Grouping of channels ensured that channels are sensed simultaneously. These two techniques greatly reduce delays and maximized throughput of SU. Hence, Extended Generalized Predictive Channel Selection Algorithm, a proposed scheme has significantly performed better than its counterpart (Generalized Predictive Channel Selection Algorithm). Matlab simulation tool was used to simulate and plot the results of the proposed channel selection algorithm.

scholarly journals Transmission protocols in Cognitive Radio Mesh Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Anusha M ◽  
Srikanth Vemuru ◽  
T Gunasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Dynamic Spectrum ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Primary Users

A Cognitive Radio (CR) is a radio that can adjust its transmission limit based on available spectrum in its operational surroundings. Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is made up of both the licensed users and unlicensed users with CR enable and disabled radios. CR’S supports to access dynamic spectrum and supports secondary user to access underutilized spectrum efficiently, which was allocated to primary users. In CRN’S most of the research was done on spectrum allocation, spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing. In this literature, we present various Medium Access (MAC) protocols of CRN’S. This study would provide an excellent study of MAC strategies.

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