Policies of Science, Technology, and Industry in the MENA Countries and Their Impact on National Competitiveness
This chapter offers an overview about the role of science, technology and industrial policies in the MENA region. It analyses the theoretical foundations of these policies and their changes. In addition, an analysis about the determinants of the state of science, technology and innovation in the MENA countries become interesting and important to be explored. Thus, this chapter is an occasion to explore the role of the national system of innovation in these countries in facilitating the knowledge, skills and innovation process, and to offer some ideas regarding the weaknesses, limitations and constraints of these countries in these areas. The two main ideas of this chapter are: the development of innovation infrastructure and the role of institutions in pursuing these policies. Thus, undertaking a comparative analysis of the MENA countries in the areas of science, technology and innovation is the goal of this chapter.