Multi-Scale 3D Geovisualization of Urban Heat Island Data for Planning Dialogue in Toronto

This e-planning visualization case study in the Toronto region investigated the use of 3D urban models as a visualization reference against which analytical models were visualized to identify micro-scale mitigation scenarios of urban heat island effects. The case studies were directed to processes of planning decision making. The Toronto region faces problems of urban heat island impacts due to the increasing frequency of extreme heat events (Bass, Krayenhoff, & Martilli, 2002). The City of Toronto and the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) have each implemented policies and programmes aimed at mitigating urban heat island and climate change effects (City of Toronto, 2006). This research explored ways of visualizing remote sensing heat island data to assist with the targeted application of planning policies and programs.

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Exploring Ways to Use 3D Urban Models to Visualize Multi-Scalar Climate Change Data and Mitigation Change Models for e-Planning

International Journal of E-Planning Research ◽

10.4018/ijepr.2013040101 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John Danahy ◽

Robert Wright ◽

Jacob Mitchell ◽

Rob Feick

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Heat Island ◽

Change Models ◽

Climate Change Effects ◽

Extreme Heat Events ◽

Urban Models ◽

Urban Heat ◽

Policies And Programs

This e-planning visualization case study in the Toronto region investigated the use of 3D urban models as a visualization reference against which analytical models were visualized to identify micro scale mitigation scenarios of urban heat island effects. The case studies were directed to processes of planning decision making. The Toronto region faces problems of urban heat island impacts due to the increasing frequency of extreme heat events (Bass, Krayenhoff & Martilli, 2002). The City of Toronto and the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) have each implemented policies and programmes aimed at mitigating urban heat island and climate change effects (City of Toronto 2006). This research explored ways of visualizing remote sensing heat island data to assist with the targeted application of planning policies and programs.

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A Scaling Law for the Urban Heat Island Phenomenon: Deductions From Field Measurements and Comparisons With Existing Results From Laboratory Experiments

Volume 1D, Symposia: Transport Phenomena in Mixing; Turbulent Flows; Urban Fluid Mechanics; Fluid Dynamic Behavior of Complex Particles; Analysis of Elementary Processes in Dispersed Multiphase Flows; Multiphase Flow With Heat/Mass Transfer in Process Technology; Fluid Mechanics of Aircraft and Rocket Emissions and Their Environmental Impacts; High Performance CFD Computation; Performance of Multiphase Flow Systems; Wind Energy; Uncertainty Quantification in Flow Measurements and Simulations ◽

10.1115/fedsm2014-21819 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marina K.-A. Neophytou ◽

Harindra J. S. Fernando ◽

Ekaterina Batchvarova ◽

Mats Sandberg ◽

Jos Lelieveld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Heat Island ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Scaling Law ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Capital City ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Heat Island ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Urban Heat ◽

The Impact

We report results from a multi-scale field experiment conducted in Cyprus in July 2010 in order to investigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Nicosia capital city and its interaction with multi-scale meteorological phenomena taking place in the broader region. Specifically, the results are analysed and interpreted in terms of a non-dimensional/scaling parameter dictating the urban heat island circulation reported from laboratory experiments (Fernando et al, 2010). We find that the field measurements obey the same scaling law during the day, in the absence of any other flow phenomena apart from the urban heating. During the night we find that the deduced non-dimensional value reduces to half (compared to that during the day); this is due to the presence of katabatic winds from Troodos mountains into the urban center of Nicosia and their cooling effect superimposed on diurnal urban heating. Based on this deduction, the impact of various proposed heat island mitigation measures in urban planning can be evaluated.

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Multi-scale analysis of surface-layer urban heat island effect in ﬁve higher-density precincts of central Sydney

Low Carbon Cities ◽

10.4324/9781315766003-35 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 413-431

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Urban Heat Island Effect ◽

Heat Island ◽

Scale Analysis ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Island Effect ◽

Urban Heat ◽

Multi Scale Analysis

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Assessment of constructing canopy urban heat island temperatures from thermal images: An integrated multi-scale approach

Scientific African ◽

10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00607 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. e00607

Author(s):

Waleed Abbas ◽

Hossam Ismael

Keyword(s):

Urban Heat Island ◽

Heat Island ◽

Thermal Images ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Urban Heat

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Forecasting the New York City Urban Heat Island and Sea Breeze during Extreme Heat Events

Weather and Forecasting ◽

10.1175/waf-d-13-00012.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 1460-1477 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Talmor Meir ◽

Philip M. Orton ◽

Julie Pullen ◽

Teddy Holt ◽

William T. Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

York City ◽

Sea Breeze ◽

Extreme Heat ◽

Heat Island ◽

Extreme Heat Events ◽

Urban Heat ◽

Heat Events

Abstract Two extreme heat events impacting the New York City (NYC), New York, metropolitan region during 7–10 June and 21–24 July 2011 are examined in detail using a combination of models and observations. The U.S. Navy's Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) produces real-time forecasts across the region on a 1-km resolution grid and employs an urban canopy parameterization to account for the influence of the city on the atmosphere. Forecasts from the National Weather Service's 12-km resolution North American Mesoscale (NAM) implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are also examined. The accuracy of the forecasts is evaluated using a land- and coastline-based observation network. Observed temperatures reached 39°C or more at central urban sites over several days and remained high overnight due to urban heat island (UHI) effects, with a typical nighttime urban–rural temperature difference of 4°–5°C. Examining model performance broadly over both heat events and 27 sites, COAMPS has temperature RMS errors averaging 1.9°C, while NAM has RMSEs of 2.5°C. COAMPS high-resolution wind and temperature predictions captured key features of the observations. For example, during the early summer June heat event, the Long Island south shore coastline experienced a more pronounced sea breeze than was observed for the July heat wave.

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Urban heat island analysis for Bangkok: multi-scale temporal variation, associated factors, directional dependence, and cool island condition

ScienceAsia ◽

10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2020.46.213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Jirawan Kamma ◽

Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon ◽

Nishit Aman ◽

Tara Thongkamdee ◽

Surawut Chuangchote ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Variation ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Heat Island ◽

Directional Dependence ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Urban Heat

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Urban heat island analysis for Bangkok: multi-scale temporal variation, associated factors, directional dependence, and cool island condition

ScienceAsia ◽

10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2020.024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 213 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jirawan Kamma ◽

Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon ◽

Nishit Aman ◽

Tara Thongkamdee ◽

Surawut Chuangchote ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Variation ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Heat Island ◽

Directional Dependence ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Urban Heat

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The Effect of Urban Density and Vegetation Cover on the Heat Island of a Subtropical City

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-17-0316.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (11) ◽

pp. 2531-2550 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sarah Chapman ◽

Marcus Thatcher ◽

Alvaro Salazar ◽

James E. M. Watson ◽

Clive A. McAlpine

Keyword(s):

Urban Heat Island ◽

Urban Growth ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Extreme Heat ◽

Urban Residents ◽

Heat Island ◽

Medium Density ◽

Extreme Heat Events ◽

Urban Heat ◽

Heat Events

AbstractThe urban heat island (UHI) has a negative impact on the health of urban residents by increasing average temperatures. The intensity of the UHI effect is influenced by urban geometry and the amount of vegetation cover. This study investigated the impact of urban growth and loss of vegetation cover on the UHI in a subtropical city (Brisbane, Australia) during average and extreme conditions using the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model, run at a 1-km spatial resolution for 10 years. The average nighttime temperature increase was 0.7°C for the “Medium Density” urban growth scenario and 1.8°C for the “No Vegetation” scenario. During two widespread extreme heat events, the mean maximum increase in urban temperatures above the Control was between 2.2° and 3.8°C in the No Vegetation scenario and between 0.3° and 1.6°C in the Medium Density urban growth scenario. The results are similar to previous findings for temperate cities, with the intensity of the UHI effect higher at night and during winter than during the day and summer. Vegetation cover had the strongest impact on temperatures, more so than building height and height/width ratio. Maintaining and restoring vegetation, therefore, is a key consideration in mitigating the urban heat island. The large temperature increases found in this study, particularly during extreme heat events, shows the importance of reducing the UHI for protecting the health of urban residents, and this should be a priority in urban landscape planning and design.

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