A New Perspective on the Swiss Cheese Model Applied to Understanding the Anatomy of Healthcare Data Breaches

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-81
Author(s):  
Faouzi Kamoun ◽  
Mathew Nicho
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Swiss Cheese ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Data Breach ◽  
Data Breaches ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Swiss Cheese Model ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Cheese Model

The healthcare industry has been lagging behind other industries in protecting its vital data. Over the past few years, researchers and practitioners have been trying to gain a better understanding of the anatomy of healthcare data breaches. In this chapter, the authors show how Reason's swiss cheese model (SCM) provides a powerful analytic model to explain the human, technical, and organizational factors of healthcare data breaches. They also show how the SCM brings forwards the latent conditions of healthcare data breach incidents that have often been overlooked in previous studies. Based on an extensive literature review and an analysis of reported breaches from credible sources, the authors provide an explanation of the cheese layers and the associated holes. Since the SCM endorses the “defenses in depth” approach, it can assist healthcare organizations and business associates in developing a comprehensive and systematic approach to prevent and mitigate data breach incidents.

Human and Organizational Factors of Healthcare Data Breaches

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faouzi Kamoun ◽  
Mathew Nicho
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Data Breaches ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Swiss Cheese Model

Over the past few years, concerns related to healthcare data privacy have been mounting since healthcare information has become more digitized, distributed and mobile. However, very little is known about the root cause of data breach incidents; making it difficult for healthcare organizations to establish proper security controls and defenses. Through a systematic review and synthesis of data breaches literature, and using databases of earlier reported healthcare data breaches, the authors re-examine and analyze the causal factors behind healthcare data breaches. The authors then use the Swiss Cheese Model (SCM) to shed light on the technical, organizational and human factors of these breaches. The author's research suggests that incorporating the SCM concepts into the healthcare security policies and procedures can assist healthcare providers in assessing the vulnerabilities and risks associated with the maintenance and transmission of protected health information.

Human and Organizational Factors of Healthcare Data Breaches

2016 ◽  
pp. 1299-1319
Author(s):  
Faouzi Kamoun ◽  
Mathew Nicho
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Data Breaches ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Human And Organizational Factors

Over the past few years, concerns related to healthcare data privacy have been mounting since healthcare information has become more digitized, distributed and mobile. However, very little is known about the root cause of data breach incidents; making it difficult for healthcare organizations to establish proper security controls and defenses. Through a systematic review and synthesis of data breaches literature, and using databases of earlier reported healthcare data breaches, the authors re-examine and analyze the causal factors behind healthcare data breaches. The authors then use the Swiss Cheese Model (SCM) to shed light on the technical, organizational and human factors of these breaches. The author's research suggests that incorporating the SCM concepts into the healthcare security policies and procedures can assist healthcare providers in assessing the vulnerabilities and risks associated with the maintenance and transmission of protected health information.

Gap Analysis of Accident Investigation Methodology in the Indian Mining Industry - an Application of Swiss Cheese Model and 5-Why Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Dash ◽  
Ram Madhab Bhattacharjee ◽  
Partha Sarathi Paul
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Task Environment ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Swiss Cheese ◽  
Accident Investigation ◽  
Swiss Cheese Model ◽  
Cheese Model

Workplace accidents are investigated mainly for the purpose of identifying the causes that contributed to the occurrence of the accident and thereby providing recommendations to prevent recurrence of such accidents. The human factor has always been a critical element in the accident causation model applied in various industries. However, it is equally important to identify other parameters like task environment, task conditions, organizational culture and other organizational factors that influence human behavior in most of the cases. In this paper, an effort has been made to discuss some of the investigation models used for identification of root causes leading to an incident or accident. This paper highlighted the gaps in the investigation procedure in the Indian mining industry where too much focus is being given to human error and contravention of the health and safety statute application to mining activities. The authors emphasized the importance of using suitable investigation methodology for investigating into Indian mining accidents. A case study accident has been presented to highlight the necessity of using suitable accident investigation methodology like Swiss Cheese Model for identifying root causes of such accident. Keywords - Ecology, accident investigation, mining industry, human factor, task environment, organizational factors, investigation model, India

Application of Fault Tree Analysis and Swiss Cheese Model to the Overspeed Derailment of Puyuma Train in Yilan, Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Jyh-Cherng Jong ◽  
Yung-Cheng (Rex) Lai ◽  
Cheng-Chung Young ◽  
Yu-Fu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Fault Tree ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Swiss Cheese ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Train Control ◽  
Swiss Cheese Model ◽  
Express Train ◽  
Cheese Model

On October 21, 2018, a Puyuma express train went overspeed through a sharp curve and derailed in Yilan, Taiwan. This accident resulted in 18 fatalities and 267 injuries. Although such accidents occur once in a while worldwide, this case of an overspeed derailment from a train-set equipped with an automatic train protection (ATP) system (similar to the function of Positive Train Control (PTC) in the U.S.) is rare. A temporary investigation team was appointed by the Executive Yuan, the highest administrative organ in Taiwan, and the investigation was completed within 2 months. This paper presents the process, analysis, findings, and recommendations from the accident investigation. The accident was first analyzed using fault tree analysis to identify potential causes and contributing factors of this derailment. The results were then categorized into layers of defenses by using a Swiss cheese model. We further extended the original Swiss cheese model to a “time-dependent Swiss cheese model” to demonstrate how the barriers were penetrated at different times by incorporating the timestamps of important events. Another modified Swiss cheese model called “causal relationship Swiss cheese model” was presented to further demonstrate the causal relationships. With the proposed process and models, the immediate causes and contributing factors were quickly identified and presented in a way that could be easily understood by the general public. The results showed that the ATP system (or the PTC) cannot guarantee 100% safety. A review of the safety culture and corresponding procedures is important to ensure the safety of railway operations.

CRITICAL EXPONENTS OF ELASTICITY IN A CONTINUUM PERCOLATION SYSTEM (INVERSE SWISS-CHEESE MODEL)

Fractals ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 904-907
Author(s):  
K. MARUYAMA ◽  
K. OKUMURA ◽  
H. YAMAUCHI ◽  
S. MIYAZIMA
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Constant ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Critical Exponents ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Continuum Percolation ◽  
Swiss Cheese ◽  
Swiss Cheese Model ◽  
Percolation Problem ◽  
Cheese Model ◽  
Model Continuum

Critical exponents of elastic constant of Inverse Swiss-cheese model (Continuum percolation problem) is experimentally investigated following our previous experimental studies on electric conductivity and permeability in a continuum percolation system.

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