A Socio-Technical Interpretation of IT Convergence Services

2009 ◽  
pp. 308-328
Author(s):  
Myeong Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Actor Networks

The trend toward convergence, initiated by advances in ICT, entails the creation of new value chain networks, made up by partnerships between actors in unrelated industries. Such a process of convergence, however, can create a new dimension of network complexity, precipitating dynamic behavior among actors. In this paper we seek to understand how different actors in value chain networks have co-evolved in practice with the development of convergence services. Interpretative case studies on two different converged services in Korea (mobile banking, and One phone services) are undertaken to examine how different actor network adapted in different ways to shape the overall complexity of the converged service. The case study analysis is innovative in being conducted within a combined framework of Complex Adaptive Systems and Actor Network Theory. This synthesis offers a way to characterize the drivers of co-evolutionary behavior, capturing the translation processes undergone by actor networks.

scholarly journals Κοινωνικοτεχνική προσέγγιση για το σχεδιασμό παρεμβάσεων σε συστήματα εργασίας

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Πολυξένη Βασιλακοπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Complex Adaptive

Αντικείμενο της διατριβής είναι ο σχεδιασμός παρεμβάσεων στις διατάξεις εργασίας, δηλαδή, η διαμόρφωση και εφαρμογή αλλαγών στον τρόπο που διατάσσονται άνθρωποι και τεχνολογία για να εκτελούν έργο. Σκοπός είναι η συμβολή στην ανάπτυξη του χώρου της «επιστήμης του σχεδιασμού» με τη σύνθεση στοιχείων που είναι σήμερα γνωστά από τη θεωρία και την πρακτική. Με αυτό το σκοπό, διαμορφώθηκε ένα μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο που περιλαμβάνει βασικά ζητήματα που θα πρέπει να αντιμετωπίζονται κατά το σχεδιασμό. Το πλαίσιο έχει ως θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο τη Θεωρία Πολύπλοκων Προσαρμοστικών Συστημάτων (Complex Adaptive Systems) και τη Θεωρία Δικτύου Δραστών (Actor Network Theory). Για την ανάπτυξή του μελετήθηκαν σχετικές υφιστάμενες μεθοδολογικές προσεγγίσεις, αναλύθηκαν τρεις πρακτικές περιπτώσεις παρέμβασης, και πραγματοποιήθηκε αντιπαραβολή θεωρίας, μεθόδων και εμπειρικών περιπτώσεων. Η διατριβή υιοθετεί τη συστημική οπτική και τοποθετείται στο χώρο που βρίσκεται στην τομή των επιστημών που μελετούν την Οργάνωση, τις Τεχνολογίες και την Ανθρώπινη Δραστηριότητα και εστιάζει στα Πληροφοριακά Συστήματα (που γίνονται κατανοητά ως σύνολα αλληλεπιδρώντων κοινωνικοτεχνικών στοιχείων). Το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο που υιοθετήθηκε υποστηρίζει τη συσχέτιση του μικρο- επιπέδου (δηλαδή των δραστηριοτήτων εργασίας) με τα πιο μακρο-επίπεδα (δηλαδή των κοινοτήτων πρακτικής, των οργανισμών, των επιχειρηματικών διατάξεων), και την ερμηνεία των αναδυόμενων συμπεριφορών και της αναπτυσσόμενης δυναμικής. Επιπλέον, προσφέρει μια σειρά από εννοιολογικά εργαλεία που βοηθούν τη μελέτη των αλληλεπιδράσεων μεταξύ ετερογενών στοιχείων που λειτουργούν στο ίδιο επίπεδο: ανθρώπων με διαφορετικές προθέσεις και δυνατότητες, στοιχείων τεχνολογίας με διαφορετικές δυνατότητες αλλά και διαφορετική διάρκεια. Τα βασικά γνωρίσματα των συστημάτων εργασίας που αναδεικνύει η θεωρία (δηλαδή, η επαναληπτική τους φύση, η κατανεμημένη τους διάρθρωση, η εξελικτική τους δυναμική), συσχετίζονται με συγκεκριμένα ζητήματα του σχεδιασμού των παρεμβάσεων (δηλαδή το ζήτημα της εμφώλευσης των παρεμβάσεων, του συντονισμού των σκοπιμοτήτων, και της ρύθμισης της σταθεροποίησης του συστήματος στη νέα κατάσταση), και αποτελούν τη βάση για την ανάπτυξη του προτεινόμενου πλαισίου. Τα συγκεκριμένα θέματα που περιλαμβάνει το πλαίσιο αντιστοιχίζονται με τις βασικές λειτουργίες του σχεδιασμού (ανάπτυξη αντίληψης, διαμόρφωση λύσεων, ένταξη των παρεμβάσεων). Τα θέματα αυτά τιτλοφορούνται: στοιχειοδόμηση, συζεύξεις, θεσμοποίηση, υποδείγματα, συμπράξεις, συνεννόηση, μετασχηματισμοί, γεννητικότητα, αδράνεια. Τα ιδιοσυγκρασιακά χαρακτηριστικά κάθε παρέμβασης συσχετίζονται με τις αποφάσεις/τοποθετήσεις όσων εμπλέκονται στο σχεδιασμό ως προς αυτά τα εννέα θέματα. Το προτεινόμενο πλαίσιο προσανατολίζει το σχεδιασμό και μπορεί να χρησιμοποιείται συμπληρωματικά ως προς τις υφιστάμενες μεθόδους. Η εστίαση της προσοχής στα εννέα θέματα, προτείνεται ως λειτουργικός τρόπος για να αξιοποιηθούν όσα είναι γνωστά από τη θεωρία και τη μέχρι σήμερα εμπειρία, στην πρακτική των παρεμβάσεων μεγάλου εύρους στα συστήματα εργασίας. Η διατριβή συμβάλλει στην ανάπτυξη του σώματος γνώσης που υποστηρίζει το Σχεδιασμό και στην υποστήριξη όσων εμπλέκονται με αυτόν ώστε να εστιάζεται το ενδιαφέρον τους στην ανίχνευση διασυνδέσεων.

Information as Change Agent or Barrier in Health Care Reform?

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alan C. Gillies ◽  
John Howard
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Care Services ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Care Systems

Health care systems across the world are in a state of flux. If the experience of the early 1990s can be used as a model, the recent global economic downturn will lead to very significant pressures to reduce spending and achieve better value. Systems have provided a range of approaches to modeling and evaluating these more complex organizations, from simple process models to complex adaptive systems. This paper considers the pros and cons of such approaches and proposes a new modeling approach that combines the best elements of other techniques. This paper also describes a case study, where the approach has been deployed by the authors. The case study comes from health care services in Ontario, Canada, who are shifting from the traditionally hospital-based system to one that recognizes a greater role for community and primary care services.

scholarly journals Smallholder value chains as complex adaptive systems: a conceptual framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair Orr ◽  
Jason Donovan ◽  
Dietmar Stoian
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Adaptive

Purpose Smallholder value chains are dynamic, changing over time in sudden, unpredictable ways as they adapt to shocks. Understanding these dynamics and adaptation is essential for these chains to remain competitive in turbulent markets. Many guides to value chain development, though they focus welcome attention on snapshots of current structure and performance, pay limited attention to the dynamic forces affecting these chains or to adaptation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops an expanded conceptual framework to understand value chain performance based on the theory of complex adaptive systems. The framework combines seven common properties of complex systems: time, uncertainty, sensitivity to initial conditions, endogenous shocks, sudden change, interacting agents and adaptation. Findings The authors outline how the framework can be used to ask new research questions and analyze case studies in order to improve our understanding of the development of smallholder value chains and their capacity for adaptation. Research limitations/implications The framework highlights the need for greater attention to value chain dynamics. Originality/value The framework offers a new perspective on the dynamics of smallholder value chains.

scholarly journals Understanding health professional role integration in complex adaptive systems A multiple-case study of Physician Assistants in Ontario, Canada

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Burrows ◽  
Julia Abelson ◽  
Patricia Miller ◽  
Mitch Levine ◽  
Meredith Vanstone
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Physician Assistants ◽  
Role Integration ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Multiple Case

Abstract Background To meet the complex needs of healthcare delivery, the Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (MOHLTC) introduced Physician Assistants (PAs) into the Ontario health care system in 2006 to help increase access to care, decrease wait times, and improve continuity of care. Integration of new health professional roles is often stymied by role resistance and funding barriers. The characterization of healthcare organizations as complex adaptive systems (CAS) may offer insight into the relationships and interactions that optimize and restrict successful PA integration. The aim of this study is to explore the integration of PAs across multiple case settings and to understand the role of PAs within complex adaptive systems.Methods An exploratory, multiple-case study was used to examine PA role integration in four settings: family medicine, emergency, general surgery, and inpatient medicine. Interviews were conducted with 46 healthcare providers and administrators across 13 hospitals and 6 family medicine clinics in Ontario, Canada. Analysis was conducted in three phases: inductive thematic analysis within each of the four cases; a cross-case thematic analysis; and a broader exploration of cross-case patterns pertaining to specific complexity theory principles of interest.Results Support for PA contributions across various health care settings, the importance of role awareness, supervisory relationship attributes, and role vulnerability (in relation to sustainability and funding) are interconnected and dynamic in hospital and community settings. Findings represent the experiences of PAs and other healthcare providers, and demonstrate how the PA’s willingness to work and ability to build relationships within existing health systems allows for the establishment of interprofessional, collaborative, and person-centered care. As a self-organizing agent in complex adaptive systems (i.e. health organizations), PA role exploration revealed patterns of team behavior, non-linear interconnections, open relationships, dynamic systems, and the legacy of role implementation as defined by complexity theory.Conclusions By exploring the role of PAs across multiple sites, the complexity theory lens concurrently fosters an awareness of emerging patterns, relationships and non-linear interactions within the defined context of the Ontario healthcare system. By establishing collaborative, interprofessional care models in community and hospital settings, PAs are making a significant contribution to Ontario healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Understanding health professional role integration in complex adaptive systems A multiple-case study of Physician Assistants in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Burrows ◽  
Julia Abelson ◽  
Patricia Miller ◽  
Mitch Levine ◽  
Meredith Vanstone
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Physician Assistants ◽  
Role Integration ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Multiple Case

Abstract Background To meet the complex needs of healthcare delivery, the Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (MOHLTC) introduced Physician Assistants (PAs) into the Ontario health care system in 2006 to help increase access to care, decrease wait times, and improve continuity of care. Integration of new health professional roles is often stymied by role resistance and funding barriers. The characterization of healthcare organizations as complex adaptive systems (CAS) may offer insight into the relationships and interactions that optimize and restrict successful PA integration. The aim of this study is to explore the integration of PAs across multiple settings and to understand the PA role within complex adaptive systems. Methods An exploratory, multiple-case study was used to examine PA role integration in four settings: family medicine, emergency, general surgery, and inpatient medicine. Interviews were conducted with 46 healthcare providers and administrators across 13 hospitals and 6 family medicine clinics in Ontario, Canada. Analysis was conducted in three phases: inductive thematic analysis within each of the four cases; a cross-case thematic analysis; and a broader exploration of cross-case patterns pertaining to specific complexity theory principles of interest. Results Support for PA contributions across various health care settings, the importance of role awareness, supervisory relationship attributes, and role vulnerability (in relation to sustainability and funding) are interconnected and dynamic in hospital and community settings. Findings represent the experiences of PAs and other healthcare providers, and demonstrate how the PA’s willingness to work and ability to build relationships within existing health systems allows for the establishment of interprofessional, collaborative, and person-centered care. As a self-organizing agent in complex adaptive systems (i.e. health organizations), PA role exploration revealed patterns of team behavior, non-linear interconnections, open relationships, dynamic systems, and the legacy of role implementation as defined by complexity theory. Conclusions By exploring the role of PAs across multiple sites, the complexity theory lens concurrently fosters an awareness of emerging patterns, relationships and non-linear interactions within the defined context of the Ontario healthcare system. By establishing collaborative, interprofessional care models in community and hospital settings, PAs are making a significant contribution to Ontario healthcare settings.

Designing Business Models for Creating and Capturing Shared Value

2017 ◽  
pp. 335-360
Author(s):  
Arash Najmaei ◽  
Zahra Sadeghinejad
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Creating Shared Value ◽  
Complex Adaptive

Business models define configurations of activities that jointly enable a firm to create and capture value. The value paradigm is shifting from sharing created value to creating shared value in which firms and societies jointly create and share value to nurture more benefits for a sustainable business-environment symbiosis. Drawing on this logic, we develop a framework for designing business models that enable creation and capture of shared value. Our model builds on the practice theory and activity system and depicts business models as complex adaptive systems that co-evolve with markets. Using the shared value framework proposed by Porter and Kramer (2011) we propose three design themes namely the Product-Market Design (PMD), the Value Chain Design (VCD) and the Social Cluster Design (SCD). We specify features of each school from the activity perspective. Subsequently, we will discuss implications of our framework for theory, practice and management education and illuminate some directions for future research.

Actor Network Theory Applied to Organizational Change

2016 ◽  
pp. 1314-1330
Author(s):  
Carlos Páscoa ◽  
José Tribolet
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Interaction Factors ◽  
Change Projects ◽  
Actor Networks

There are various models proposed in the literature to analyze trajectories of enterprise change projects in terms of success and failure. Yet, only the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) perspective considers the interaction factors among network actors and actants. In 2009, with an initiative started in 2007, the Portuguese Air Force developed and carried on a Change project. The aim of this project was to obtain better information to support decision processes. This chapter proposes the ANT for approaching the Portuguese Air Force change process initiative as a case study. In doing so, it provides valuable insight in terms of both local and global actor networks, which surround the initiative.

Actor Network Theory Applied to Organizational Change

2014 ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Páscoa ◽  
José Tribolet
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Interaction Factors ◽  
Change Projects ◽  
Actor Networks

There are various models proposed in the literature to analyze trajectories of enterprise change projects in terms of success and failure. Yet, only the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) perspective considers the interaction factors among network actors and actants. In 2009, with an initiative started in 2007, the Portuguese Air Force developed and carried on a Change project. The aim of this project was to obtain better information to support decision processes. This chapter proposes the ANT for approaching the Portuguese Air Force change process initiative as a case study. In doing so, it provides valuable insight in terms of both local and global actor networks, which surround the initiative.

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