Development of Neurorehabilitation Techniques Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Voluntary Muscle Contraction

2011 ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Touge ◽  
Shin Morita ◽  
Eiji Yamada ◽  
Takashi Kusaka
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Voluntary Muscle ◽  
Neuron Excitability ◽  
Hand Dynamometer ◽  
Voluntary Muscle Contraction

The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with maximum voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) (used to facilitate motor neuron function), the effects of magnetic stimulation at the foramen magnum level with MVC were tested by recording motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and the maximum muscle force. In addition, changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) due to TMS to the motor cortex during MVC were assessed using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Three MEPs in the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle elicited by TMS to the motor cortex or foramen magnum stimulation were recorded before and then at 15 minutes intervals for 1 hour after 4 MVCs (while subjects maximally pinched a strain-gauge transducer for 2 seconds). Five healthy volunteers received TMS to the left motor cortex while maximally grasping a hand dynamometer for 2 seconds 3 times at 10-second intervals and then repeated TMS with MVC 4 times within 1 hour. Oxy-hemoglobin (Hb) and deoxy-Hb levels were recorded at 24 scalp sites using NIRS while subjects grasped a hand dynamometer with MVC for 5 seconds before and after TMS with MVC. Foramen magnum stimulation with MVC significantly decreased MEP amplitudes after TMS with MVC for 1 hour. Oxy-Hb concentration of the left M1, subtracting the right M1, tended to increase after TMS with MVC. The present results suggest that TMS during MVC induces increased cortical motor neuron excitability. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of how TMS with MVC might modulate cortical neuron excitability.

scholarly journals Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with the Maximum Voluntary Muscle Contraction Facilitates Motor Neuron Excitability and Muscle Force

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Touge ◽  
Yoshiteru Urai ◽  
Kazuyo Ikeda ◽  
Kodai Kume ◽  
Kazushi Deguchi
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Voluntary Muscle ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Voluntary Muscle Contraction

Three trials of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during the maximum voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) were repeated at 15-minute intervals for 1 hour to examine the effects on motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the digital muscles and pinching muscle force before and after 4 high-intensity TMSs (test 1 condition) or sham TMS (test 2 condition) with MVC. Under the placebo condition, real TMS with MVC was administered only before and 1 hour after the sham TMS with MVC. Magnetic stimulation at the foramen magnum level (FMS) with MVC was performed by the same protocol as that for the test 2 condition. As a result, MEP sizes in the digital muscles significantly increased after TMS with MVC under test conditions compared with the placebo conditions (P<0.05). Pinching muscle force was significantly larger 45 minutes and 1 hour after TMS with MVC under the test conditions than under the placebo condition (P<0.05). FMS significantly decreased MEP amplitudes 60 minutes after the sham TMS with MVC (P<0.005). The present results suggest that intermittently repeated TMS with MVC facilitates motor neuron excitabilities and muscle force. However, further studies are needed to confirm the effects of TMS with MVC and its mechanism.

Effects of postural and voluntary muscle contraction on modulation of the soleus H reflex by transcranial magnetic stimulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (12) ◽  
pp. 3425-3431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Guzmán-López ◽  
Aikaterini Selvi ◽  
Núria Solà-Valls ◽  
Jordi Casanova-Molla ◽  
Josep Valls-Solé
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Voluntary Muscle ◽  
Voluntary Muscle Contraction

scholarly journals Ultrasound stimulation of the motor cortex during tonic muscle contraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Szwast Heimbuch ◽  
Tiffany Fan ◽  
Allan Wu ◽  
Guido C Faas ◽  
Andrew C Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Transcranial Ultrasound ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Ultrasound Stimulation ◽  
Tonic Muscle

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (tUS) shows potential as a noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique, offering increased spatial precision compared to other NIBS techniques. However, its reported effects on primary motor cortex (M1) are limited. We aimed to better understand tUS effects in human M1 by performing tUS of the hand area of M1 (M1hand) during tonic muscle contraction of the index finger. Stimulation during muscle contraction was chosen because of the transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced phenomenon known as cortical silent period (cSP), in which transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of M1hand involuntarily suppresses voluntary motor activity. Since cSP is widely considered an inhibitory phenomenon, it presents an ideal parallel for tUS, which has often been proposed to preferentially influence inhibitory interneurons. Recording electromyography (EMG) of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle, we investigated effects on muscle activity both during and after tUS. We found no change in FDI EMG activity concurrent with tUS stimulation. Using single-pulse TMS, we found no difference in M1 excitability before versus after sparsely repetitive tUS exposure. Using acoustic simulations in models made from structural MRI of the participants that matched the experimental setups, we estimated in-brain pressures and generated an estimate of cumulative tUS exposure experienced by M1hand for each subject. We were unable to find any correlation between cumulative M1hand exposure and M1 excitability change. We also present data that suggest a TMS-induced MEP always preceded a near-threshold cSP.

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