Virtual reality in social work education and practice is relatively new. There is not a large literature on it—note that several of the resources below are authored by the same colleagues. Given the rapid evolution of the technologies, there are limited resources in terms of works within the last fifteen years. Juried resources published by recognized experts are provided. There are basically two distinct forms. First, we have virtual worlds such as Second Life where controlled avatars explore simulated environments. Virtual worlds can be quite varied and rich in visual content. Complete creation of hospitals, service agencies, schools, and places of worship are possible. Support groups for a variety of problems and ability challenges can regularly meet “in world.” Participation is usually synchronous. Most virtual worlds are accessible via personal computers. Participation costs are generally absent. Virtual worlds are not “games” but instead are platforms in which games may be played, role plays may be staged, classes and seminars held. The second virtual reality technology is generally found in laboratory settings. Participants don 3D helmets or goggles and explore environments that are computer-based. Purposes for creating and establishing these environments vary. For example, people suffering from PTSD can explore and relive traumatic events with therapeutic guidance towards symptom relief. As in the case of virtual worlds, lab-based simulations are usually synchronous. Just as avatars may interact with each other, lab-based experiences can include multiple participants. Each of these technologies offers promise for social work education and practice. Students in distance education can work together even when separated by oceans. Students can engage in service evaluation in virtual worlds. Students can learn about addiction triggers through creating the 3D environments that have modeled them. Both formats may be termed multi-user virtual environments (MUVEs) though terms vary. Of interest, if one looks at this bibliography as a data sample, educational uses tend to be through virtual worlds while practice uses may tend to be more in laboratory settings. The opening section discusses critical professional issues that may apply to using virtual reality innovations in social work. The next sections take up educational and practice applications. Articles that predominantly address research issues follow. Finally, resources for developing virtual world experiences are provided.
Virtual Reality and Social Work
