Global Climate Change by Wetland Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

2022 ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Madhavi Konni ◽  
Vara Saritha ◽  
Pulavarthi Madhuri ◽  
K. Soma Sekhar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Karnena
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Fluxes ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

Wetlands (WLs) in the landscapes are important for the GHGs production, ingesting, and exchange with the atmosphere. In this chapter, the authors illustrated how the WLs influence climate change, even though it is typical for determining the climatic role of WLs in the broader perspective. The conclusions might be wary based on the radiative balance as the radiative forcing since the 1750s or climatic roles are continuously changing in the wetlands. Degradation of WLs leads to reducing their functioning, and GHG fluxes might change and alter the climatic roles of the WLs. The chapter demonstrated that WL disturbances might cause global warming for a longer duration even though the WLs are restored or managed by replacing them with the mitigation WLs. Thus, activities that cause disturbance in the WLs leading to carbon oxidation in the soils should be avoided. Regulating the climate is an ecosystem service in the WLs; during the planning of the WLs, protection, restoration, and creation, environmental management should be considered.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jackson ◽  
Albert Gabric ◽  
Roger Cropp ◽  
Matthew Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Cloud Properties

Abstract. Coral reefs are being threatened by global climate change, with ocean warming and acidification, compounded by declining water quality in many coastal systems, adversely affecting coral health and cover. This is of great concern as coral reefs provide numerous ecosystem, economic and social services. Corals are also recognized as being amongst the strongest individual sources of natural atmospheric sulfur, through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). In the clean marine boundary layer, biogenic sulfates contribute to new aerosol formation and the growth of existing particles, with important implications for the radiative balance. Evidence suggests that DMS is not only directly involved in the coral stress response, alleviating oxidative stress, but may create an ocean thermostat which suppresses sea surface temperature (SST) through changes to aerosol and cloud properties. This review provides a summary of the current major threats facing coral reefs and describes the role of dimethylated sulfur compounds in coral physiology and climate. The role of coral reefs as a source of climatically important compounds is an emerging topic of research however, the window of opportunity to understand the complex biogeophysical processes involved is closing with ongoing degradation of the world's coral reefs. The greatest uncertainty in our estimates of radiative forcing and climate change are derived from natural aerosol sources, such as marine DMS, which constitutes the largest flux of oceanic reduced sulfur to the atmosphere. Gaining a better understanding of the role of coral reef DMS emissions is crucial to predicting the future climate of our planet.

scholarly journals Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2181-2204
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Jackson ◽  
Albert J. Gabric ◽  
Roger Cropp ◽  
Matthew T. Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Radiative Balance

Abstract. Global climate change and the impacts of ocean warming, ocean acidification and declining water quality are adversely affecting coral-reef ecosystems. This is of great concern, as coral reefs provide numerous ecosystem, economic and social services. Corals are also recognised as being amongst the strongest individual sources of natural atmospheric sulfur, through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). In the clean marine boundary layer, biogenic sulfates contribute to new aerosol formation and the growth of existing particles, with important implications for the radiative balance over the ocean. Evidence suggests that DMS is not only directly involved in the coral stress response, alleviating oxidative stress, but also may create an “ocean thermostat” which suppresses sea surface temperature through changes to aerosol and cloud properties. This review provides a summary of the current major threats facing coral reefs and describes the role of dimethylated sulfur compounds in coral ecophysiology and the potential influence on climate. The role of coral reefs as a source of climatically important compounds is an emerging topic of research; however the window of opportunity to understand the complex biogeophysical processes involved is closing with ongoing degradation of the world's coral reefs. The greatest uncertainty in our estimates of radiative forcing and climate change is derived from natural aerosol sources, such as marine DMS, which constitute the largest flux of oceanic reduced sulfur to the atmosphere. Given the increasing frequency of coral bleaching events, it is crucial that we gain a better understanding of the role of DMS in local climate of coral reefs.

scholarly journals The role of small ruminants on global climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro ◽  
Amanda Moser Coelho da Fonseca Faro ◽  
Mylena Taborda Piquera Peres ◽  
Rafael Batista ◽  
Cesar Henrique Espirito Candal Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Small Ruminants

SADC’s response to climate change – the role of harmonised law and policy on mitigation in the energy sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Member States ◽  
Law And Policy

The negligible levels of energy-related GHG emissions attributable to the Southern African sub-region translates into the sub-region contributing relatively little towards global climate change. Notwithstanding, the member states comprising the Southern African Development Community (SADC) are among the most vulnerable to the trans boundary effects of global climate change. Existing SADC climate change policy documents highlight the important role of the energy sector in climate change mitigation. Furthermore, various international, African Union and SADC legal instruments stress the crucial role of harmonised law and policy as climate change adaptive measure. It is the central hypothesis of this paper that harmonised sub-regional law and policy aimed at regulating SADC member states’ mitigation efforts in the energy sector is a crucial climate change adaptive strategy. This hypothesis is based on the mandates for the formulation of a SADC climate change action plan and for mitigation in the energy sector. These mandates are contained in the texts of the SADC-CNGO Climate Change Agenda, 2012 and the Southern Africa Sub - Regional Framework on Climate Change, 2010 respectively. It is the main aim of this paper to investigate recent developments in the formulation of harmonised SADC law and policy on climate change in general and law and policy pertaining to mitigation in the energy sector specifically. In achieving the stated aim, themes to be investigated by means of a literature study are those of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change and harmonised sub-regional policy on mitigation in the energy sector as adaptive measure in the SADC.

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