Cryptopometry as a Methodology for Investigating Encrypted Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall McGrath ◽  
Pavel Gladyshev ◽  
Joe Carthy
Keyword(s):  
Child Pornography ◽  
Probative Value ◽  
Evidential Value ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Digital Investigation

When encrypted material is discovered during a digital investigation and the investigator cannot decrypt the material then he or she is faced with the problem of how to determine the evidential value of the material. This research is proposing a methodology titled Cryptopometry. Cryptopometry extracts probative value from the encrypted file of a hybrid cryptosystem. Cryptopometry also incorporates a technique for locating the original plaintext file. Since child pornography (KP) images and terrorist related information (TI) are transmitted in encrypted formats, the digital investigator must ask the question Cui Bono?—who benefits or who is the recipient? By following Cryptopometry, the scope of the digital investigation can be extended to reveal the intended recipient. The derivation of the term Cryptopometry is also described and explained.

Cryptopometry as a Methodology for Investigating Encrypted Material

2012 ◽  
pp. 108-127
Author(s):  
Niall McGrath ◽  
Pavel Gladyshev ◽  
Joe Carthy
Keyword(s):  
Child Pornography ◽  
Probative Value ◽  
Evidential Value ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Digital Investigation

When encrypted material is discovered during a digital investigation and the investigator cannot decrypt the material then he or she is faced with the problem of how to determine the evidential value of the material. This research is proposing a methodology titled Cryptopometry. Cryptopometry extracts probative value from the encrypted file of a hybrid cryptosystem. Cryptopometry also incorporates a technique for locating the original plaintext file. Since child pornography (KP) images and terrorist related information (TI) are transmitted in encrypted formats, the digital investigator must ask the question Cui Bono?—who benefits or who is the recipient? By following Cryptopometry, the scope of the digital investigation can be extended to reveal the intended recipient. The derivation of the term Cryptopometry is also described and explained.

The Probative Value of Bloodstains on Clothing

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Probative Value ◽  
Evidential Value ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Proper Account

The evidential value of the results from grouping bloodstains on clothing connected with crime investigations is normally related to the frequency of occurrence of the bloodgroups which have been identified in these stains. Insufficient account is taken of the probative value of blood occurring on clothing alone. Neither is proper account made of the discriminating value of bloodstaining when this is of a group different from the wearer of that clothing. Two recent large scale murder investigations involving the examination of 1737 articles of clothing for the presence of bloodstaining have allowed a detailed assessment to be made of these factors.

Lexical Comprehension in Young Children With Developmental Delays

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Kouri
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Lexical Concepts

Lexical comprehension skills were examined in 20 young children (aged 28–45 months) with developmental delays (DD) and 20 children (aged 19–34 months) with normal development (ND). Each was assigned to either a story-like script condition or a simple ostensive labeling condition in which the names of three novel object and action items were presented over two experimental sessions. During the experimental sessions, receptive knowledge of the lexical items was assessed through a series of target and generalization probes. Results indicated that all children, irrespective of group status, acquired more lexical concepts in the ostensive labeling condition than in the story narrative condition. Overall, both groups acquired more object than action words, although subjects with ND comprehended more action words than subjects with DD. More target than generalization items were also comprehended by both groups. It is concluded that young children’s comprehension of new lexical concepts is facilitated more by a context in which simple ostensive labels accompany the presentation of specific objects and actions than one in which objects and actions are surrounded by thematic and event-related information. Various clinical applications focusing on the lexical training of young children with DD are discussed.

Using Popular Mobile Devices in Voice Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva van Leer
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Motivational Messages ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Tailored Approach

Mobile tools are increasingly available to help individuals monitor their progress toward health behavior goals. Commonly known commercial products for health and fitness self-monitoring include wearable devices such as the Fitbit© and Nike + Pedometer© that work independently or in conjunction with mobile platforms (e.g., smartphones, media players) as well as web-based interfaces. These tools track and graph exercise behavior, provide motivational messages, offer health-related information, and allow users to share their accomplishments via social media. Approximately 2 million software programs or “apps” have been designed for mobile platforms (Pure Oxygen Mobile, 2013), many of which are health-related. The development of mobile health devices and applications is advancing so quickly that the Food and Drug Administration issued a Guidance statement with the purpose of defining mobile medical applications and describing a tailored approach to their regulation.

The Impact of a Highly Publicized Celebrity Suicide on Suicide-Related Online Information Seeking

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt ◽  
Sebastian Scherr
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Celebrity Suicide ◽  
Online Information Seeking ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Research has already acknowledged the importance of the Internet in suicide prevention as search engines such as Google are increasingly used in seeking both helpful and harmful suicide-related information. Aims: We aimed to assess the impact of a highly publicized suicide by a Hollywood actor on suicide-related online information seeking. Method: We tested the impact of the highly publicized suicide of Robin Williams on volumes of suicide-related search queries. Results: Both harmful and helpful search terms increased immediately after the actor's suicide, with a substantial jump of harmful queries. Limitations: The study has limitations (e.g., possible validity threats of the query share measure, use of ambiguous search terms). Conclusion: Online suicide prevention efforts should try to increase online users' awareness of and motivation to seek help, for which Google's own helpline box could play an even more crucial role in the future.

Improving Body Satisfaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolien Martijn ◽  
Jessica M. Alleva ◽  
Anita Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Women And Girls

Feelings of body dissatisfaction are common in Western society, especially in women and girls. More than innocent discontent, body dissatisfaction can have serious consequences such as depression and eating disorders. The current article discusses the nature of body dissatisfaction, how it develops and how it is currently being treated. We also discuss novel strategies to increase body satisfaction that work on the automatic system (e.g., by retraining attentional and conditioning processes), since recent research suggests that appearance-related information is processed automatically. We suggest that extant methods should be combined with these novel strategies, in order to optimally improve body dissatisfaction and to prevent its detrimental consequences.

Power-Enhanced Funnel Plots for Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kossmeier ◽  
Ulrich S. Tran ◽  
Martin Voracek
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Selective Reporting ◽  
Graphical Display ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Evidential Value ◽  
Graphical Displays ◽  
Funnel Plots ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. Currently, dedicated graphical displays to depict study-level statistical power in the context of meta-analysis are unavailable. Here, we introduce the sunset (power-enhanced) funnel plot to visualize this relevant information for assessing the credibility, or evidential value, of a set of studies. The sunset funnel plot highlights the statistical power of primary studies to detect an underlying true effect of interest in the well-known funnel display with color-coded power regions and a second power axis. This graphical display allows meta-analysts to incorporate power considerations into classic funnel plot assessments of small-study effects. Nominally significant, but low-powered, studies might be seen as less credible and as more likely being affected by selective reporting. We exemplify the application of the sunset funnel plot with two published meta-analyses from medicine and psychology. Software to create this variation of the funnel plot is provided via a tailored R function. In conclusion, the sunset (power-enhanced) funnel plot is a novel and useful graphical display to critically examine and to present study-level power in the context of meta-analysis.

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