Materials, Humankind and Peace

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Masao Doyama
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
First Century ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Double Helices ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Present World ◽  
The Bronze Age

The ages used by humankind can be divided in the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. In twentieth century instead of one material, a number of diversified materials dominated, and all are diversified. “Right materials in right purposes” was the motto in the last century. In the twenty-first century, the limitation of natural resources and balance of earth have to be considered. Global warming is one of the most important problems in the present world. Materials development and utilization should be done as shown in the model of double helices. Use of comparatively clean nuclear energies is important. Here we discuss the education about the materials from Japanese viewpoint.

scholarly journals THE OLDEST ROCK ART SITES OF THE KARATAU RANGE: PETROGLYPHS OF KARASUYIR

2022 ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
С. С. Мургабаев ◽  
Л. Д. Малдыбекова
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The Bronze Age

Статья посвящена новому памятнику наскального искусства хребта Каратау, открытому в урочище Карасуйир. Приводится краткое описание памятника, публикуются наиболее важные изображения. Сюжеты и стилистические особенности основной чaсти петроглифов памятника Карасуйир связаны с эпохой бронзы, остaльные рисунки отнесены к эпохе рaннего железа и, возможно, к эпохе камня. Для некоторых из них предложена предварительная интерпретация. The article is devoted to a new rock art site of the Karatau Range, discovered in the Karasuyir Area. A brief description of the site is provided, and the most important images are published. Subjects and stylistic features of the main part of Karasuyir petroglyphs are associated with the Bronze Age, and other engravings are related to the early Iron Age and, perhaps, to the Stone Age. A preliminary interpretation is proposed for some of them.

Conclusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Segal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
21St Century ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
The Bronze Age

Chapter 13 is the last chapter. It suggests how the 21st century may be described in terms of ‘ages’ analogous to the Bronze Age or Iron Age. Will the 21st century be described as the Silicon Age? Or perhaps be referred to as the Genomic Age? Or maybe the New Polymer Age? The role of climate change and international conflict on the pace of materials development are discussed.

The Excavation of Bronze Age and Iron Age Settlements at Trevisker, St. Eval, Cornwall

1972 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 302-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. ApSimon ◽  
E. Greenfield ◽  
L. Biek ◽  
G. C. Boon ◽  
B. R. Hartley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Second Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Agricultural Settlement

SummaryThe site was first occupied in the Bronze Age by a small agricultural settlement, consisting of two circular timber houses with ancillary structures and ditches. One house was eventually replaced by a stone structure. A single radiocarbon determination suggests that the settlement is to be dated within the period 1700–1300 B.C. The Iron Age settlement of Trevisker Round was probably established in the second century B.C., if not earlier. An original inner enclosure, half an acre in area, housing a single defended farmstead, was later superseded by a larger defended enclosure, 3 acres in area, also with circular timber houses and occupation areas. This occupation was followed at the end of the first century A.D., by a Romano-British phase of occupation, which lasted until the middle of the second century.

From the bronze age to the iron age

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Grecian ◽  
Safwaan Adam ◽  
Akheel Syed
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
The Bronze Age

Nuragic Settlement Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Namirski
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Settlement Dynamics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Bronze Age

The book is a study of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Nuragic settlement dynamics in two selected areas of the east coast Sardinia, placing them in a wider context of Central Mediterranean prehistory. Among the main issues addressed are the relationship between settlement and ritual sites, the use of coastline, and a chronology of settlement.

Art and Archaeology of the Bronze Age in China

Art History ◽  
2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
English Language ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Museum Displays ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Bronze Vessels ◽  
The Bronze Age

“China” here designates much but not all of China Proper or Inner China, terrain controlled during the Imperial era (221 bce to ce 1912) by historic dynastic states. Vast regions to the northeast, north, and west—Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet—are excluded even though they are now integral to the modern-day nation-state. Similarly, we slight areas of the south, for example the modern-day Lingnan and Yun-Gui macroregions, that only gradually were absorbed after the Bronze Age. In Chinese scholarship, “Bronze Age” (qingtong shidai青铜时代) serves as an alternate for the “Three Dynasties” (san dai三代) of traditional historiography: Xia (Hsia), Shang, and Zhou (Chou). Bracketing dates of c. 2000–221 bce are now widely used, the first an approximation, the latter firm. Bronze alloy, however, was just one ingredient of material cultures of the Three Dynasties. Other features include the appearance of states, social stratification, urbanization, warfare, and the appearance of iron (the Iron Age), in addition to achievements in literature, music, and philosophy during the latter centuries, a kind of “Classical Age.” Today, “arts” may encompass many forms of crafting materials for a variety of purposes and audiences. This bibliography specifically addresses architecture, bronze, jade, lacquer, and silk as well as music, pictorial representation, and writing. A term from the Bronze Age—“Six Arts” (or “skills,” liu yi六艺)—defined expertise for an elite male as ritual, music, archery, chariot driving, writing, and calculation. While the overlap between the ancient and modern categories is at best partial, these concepts do intersect in terms of makers and consumers and in social and religious purposes. The elite’s luxury lifestyle was sustained by the “arts.” Ritual required bronze vessels, and the requisite music was performed on instruments of bronze, stone, lacquer, etc. Chariots were outfitted with bronze; writing and picturing employed silk. This bibliography emphasizes Chinese archaeology, both as a discipline and as a realm of knowledge that have burgeoned since the late 20th century. Archaeology creates fresh evidence, which then becomes the stuff of excavation reports, investigative scholarship, exhibitions and museum displays, and reference works. Only some of this bounty can be cited here, and readers are directed to Oxford Bibliographies for Chinese Studies (e.g., Chinese Architecture, Calligraphy, Ceramics, Paleography, Ancient Chinese Religion) for further advice. This essay is limited to publications from 1980 and, when possible, favors English-language sources.

scholarly journals Archaeological studies In theIlmeny state reserve, South Urals

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
V.S. Mosin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages

The paper describes two stages of archeological studies at the territory of the Ilmeny State Reserve. Stage 1 is related to expedition of L.Ya. Krizhevskaya in 1961–1970, which resulted in fn-ding of more than 40 settlements and sites of the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. Seven settlements were excavated. Stage 2 studies began in 2010 and are continued at present. These works allowed us to fnd about 40 sites and settlements of the Stone Age and to excavate of the Stone Age sites and Bronze Ages burials.

scholarly journals New evidence for prehistoric copper metallurgy in the vicinity of Bor

Starinar ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 173-191
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Kapuran ◽  
Dragana Zivkovic ◽  
Nada Strbac
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Metallurgical Furnaces ◽  
Copper Metallurgy ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Bronze Age

The last three years of archaeological investigations at the site Ru`ana in Banjsko Polje, in the immediate vicinity of Bor, have provided new evidence regarding the role of non-ferrous metallurgy in the economy of the prehistoric communities of north-eastern Serbia. The remains of metallurgical furnaces and a large amount of metallic slags at two neighbouring sites in the mentioned settlement reveal that locations with many installations for the thermal processing of copper ore existed in the Bronze Age. We believe, judging by the finds of material culture, that metallurgical activities in this area also continued into the Iron Age and, possibly, into the 4th century AD.

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