New Silica Supported HClO4 as Efficient Catalysts for Estolide Synthesis from Oleic Acid

2010 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Asikin Mohamad Nordin ◽  
Nadia Farhana Adnan ◽  
Aznira Alias ◽  
Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak ◽  
Jumat Salimon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Experimental Findings

The syntheses of estolides via condensation reaction of oleic acid were investigated using heterogenous catalysts. In this study HClO4 is supported onto suitable support to make it environmentally friendly. A series of solid acid catalyst containing 5-45 % of perchloric acid supported onto silica was synthesized and characterized using XRD, BET surface area measurement, TEM and XPS surface analysis. Silica modified with perchloric acid was found to be efficient and environmentally benign solid acid catalyst for estolide synthesis. The reaction was performed at 70 oC for 10 hours to give oleic-oleic monoestolide acid (m/z 563.51 as M-H)-. Based on the experimental findings above, optimum catalytic performance was with 15 % HClO4 loading onto SiO2 to give 98.98 % conversion of the oleic acid with 63.98 % oleic-oleic monoestolide acid selectivity.

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones catalyzed by Perchlorated Zirconia (HClO4/ZrO2) nanoparticles as a novel solid acid catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Yousef Mosavian
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones

Zirconia was synthesized in nanosize by sol-gel method and perchlorated zirconia (HClO4/ZrO2) with various calcination temperatures were prepared and characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. The catalyst acidity characters, including the acidicstrength and the total number of acid sites were determined by potentiometric titration. The catalytic performance experiments show that the HClO4/ZrO2 with calcination temperature of 300 °C has the best catalytic activity. 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones wereprepared in good to excellent yields via condensation reaction of oaminobenzamide and various types of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of HClO4/ZrO2 nanoparticles as an efficient solid acid catalyst. The catalyst is reusable with moderate loss in activity.

scholarly journals Preparation of the WOX/MCM-41 Solid Acid Catalyst and the Catalytic Performance for Solketal Synthesis

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 3875-3883
Author(s):  
Yixuan Huang ◽  
Guangcai Zhang ◽  
Qinhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Mcm 41

scholarly journals The Effect of Co-solvent on Esterification of Oleic Acid Using Amberlyst 15 as Solid Acid Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Iwan Ridwan ◽  
Mukhtar Ghazali ◽  
Adi Kusmayadi ◽  
Resza Diwansyah Putra ◽  
Nina Marlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Acid Esterification

The oleic acid solubility in methanol is low due to two phase separation, and this causes a slow reaction time in biodiesel production. Tetrahydrofuran as co-solvent can decrease the interfacial surface tension between methanol and oleic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of co-solvent, methanol to oleic acid molar ratio, catalyst amount, and temperature of the reaction to the free fatty acid conversion. Oleic acid esterification was conducted by mixing oleic acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and Amberlyst 15 as a solid acid catalyst in a batch reactor. The Amberlyst 15 used had an exchange capacity of 2.57 meq/g. Significant free fatty acid conversion increments occur on biodiesel production using co-solvent compared without co-solvent. The highest free fatty acid conversion was obtained over methanol to the oleic acid molar ratio of 25:1, catalyst use of 10%, the co-solvent concentration of 8%, and a reaction temperature of 60°C. The highest FFA conversion was found at 28.6 %, and the steady state was reached after 60 minutes. In addition, the use of Amberlyst 15 oleic acid esterification shows an excellent performance as a solid acid catalyst. Catalytic activity was maintained after 4 times repeated use and reduced slightly in the fifth use.

Direct sulfonation of cacao shell to synthesize a solid acid catalyst for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 320-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czarina M. Mendaros ◽  
Alchris W. Go ◽  
Winston Jose T. Nietes ◽  
Babe Eden Joy O. Gollem ◽  
Luis K. Cabatingan
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst

Cacao shell-derived solid acid catalyst for esterification of oleic acid with methanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glorie Mae A. Bureros ◽  
April A. Tanjay ◽  
Dan Elmer S. Cuizon ◽  
Alchris W. Go ◽  
Luis K. Cabatingan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst

Nanosized sulfated zirconia as solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdollahi-Alibeik ◽  
Mohammad Hajihakimi
Keyword(s):  
Sulfated Zirconia ◽  
Tetragonal Phase ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractThe condensation reaction of o-phenylenediamine and arylaldehydes was investigated in the presence of nanosized sulfated zirconia (SO42−-ZrO2) as the solid acid catalyst. Nanosized SO42−-ZrO2 was prepared and characterized by the XRD, FT-IR, and SEM techniques. The results confirm good stabilization of the tetragonal phase of zirconia in the presence of sulfate. Reusability experiments showed partial deactivation of the catalyst after each run; good reusability can be achieved after calcinations of the recovered catalyst before its reuse.

Simultaneously carbonized and sulfonated sugarcane bagasse as solid acid catalyst for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 510-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken P. Flores ◽  
Jan Laurence O. Omega ◽  
Luis K. Cabatingan ◽  
Alchris W. Go ◽  
Ramelito C. Agapay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst
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