Effects of Cunninghamia lanceolata Heartwood Extracts on the Wood Decay Resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 2010-2013
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Shu Jun Li ◽  
Li Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Extraction Processes

In this study, three extractives from China-fir heartwood were obtained by sequential extraction processes with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The antifungal activities of three extractives against two wood decay fungi (Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum) and two wood stain fungi (Paecilomyces variotii and Aspergillus niger) were evaluated with digging-hole method. The results showed that none of the three extracts had good antifungal activities against these four fungi. Among the three extracts, the hexane one was the most effective and the methanol extract was the second. The ethyl acetate extract, to some degree, stimulated the growth of wood decay fungi. Judging from antifungal activities of extracts, the combination of extracts rather than any single compound is important for China-fir durability. The cubes of China-fir heartwood went through a sequential extraction processes with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in Soxhlet extractor. The wood decay resistances of non-extracted and extracted heartwood blocks against Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum were evaluated after steam sterilization according to the Chinese standard method. Non-extracted heartwood blocks were resistant to Trametes versicolor but experienced substantial weight losses when exposed to Gloeophyllum trabeum. Weight losses increased after hexane extraction, but then declined markedly after ethyl acetate extraction. The possible explanation for the declined weight losses of ethyl acetate extracted blocks could be that some components which stimulated the growth of these fungi, especially Trametes versicolor were extracted by ethyl acetate. After extraction with methanol, weight losses of the blocks by Gloeophyllum trabeum increased dramatically but weight losses of the blocks by Trametes versicolor were similar to those of the ethyl acetate extracted blocks.

Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salt from Rosin and its Inhibition to some Wood Decay Fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jin ◽  
Shu Jun Li ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Zhi Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Many pine trees could secrete oleo-resin when they were wounded. The oleo-resin was a mixture of turpentine and rosin. After evaporation of volatile turpentine, rosin remained and covered the wound to protect wood from fungi and insects. From this point, rosin protects wood naturally. However, rosin is not bioactive against most wood decay fungi. In this report, a bioactive rosin derivated, quaternary ammonium salt (QAS), was synthesized and its bioactivity against some wood decay fungi was tested. Firstly, the rosin was esterified by epoxy chloropropane with the mole ratio of 1:2, the reaction time of 3.5h at 90°C. The intermediate was 3-rosin acyloxy-2- hydroxypropyl chlorine. Then, the intermediate reacted with demethylamine to produce N-(3-rosin acyloxy- 2-hydroxyl) propyl-N, N dimethylamine at the following conditions: their mole ratio of 1:2, reaction temperature of 80°C and reaction time of 2.5h. Finally, the N-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N, N dimethylamine was quaternized by epoxy chloropropane with the mole ratio of 1:1, the reaction time of 3h at 90°C, and the yield was 72.8%. The chemical structure of the product was identified by FTIR and 1H NMR. The QAS content of the product was characterized by gravimetric analysis with sodium tetraphenylborate as its precipitation reagent, and liquid chromatography analysis (LC) analysis. The antifungal activity of the product was determined by paper-disc method with wood decay fungi such as Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum and wood stain fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces variot Bainier. The anti-fungal experiment results signified that the QAS of rosin is active to these fungi, especially Gloeophyllum trabeum. Since it is produced easily from rosin, which is renewable and not expensive, QAS of rosin could be a potential wood preservative. Further study is planning.

scholarly journals The comparison of properties of European beech Fagus sylvatica (L.) in different stage of degradation caused by wood-decay fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Jiří Holan ◽  
Blanka Stávková
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

This work focus on comparison of biological degradation of wood caused by wood-decay fungi (white and brown rot). Test samples were made of European Beech Fagus sylvatica (L.). As wood-decay fungi were used Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd (white rot) and Serpula lacrymans (Wulf. Ex Fr.) Schroet (brown rot). Aim of this work was comparison of rate of propagation of wood-decay fungus and degradation of wood in time. After termination of the test was made comparison of intensity of degradation between both fungi species. Weights of test samples were diminishing for both groups of wood-decay fungi during three months. Moisture content increased in direct proportion with time. Compression strength in direction of wood fibers of tested samples was diminishing. Samples tested by Serpula lacrymans had the fastest decrease of compression strength after first and second week of degradation. Samples tested by Trametes versicolor had different course. Compression strength significantly decreased after first month and third month of degradation. On the other hand module of elasticity of both tested groups was diminishing already during first and second week of degradation. Generally, it is possible to say that Trametes versicolor has more significant impact on changes of mechanical characteristic of wood, because it causes degradation of all chemical constituents of wood.

Synthesis and Characterization of BisN-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N,N dimethylamine

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2197-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Yue Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Shu Jun Li ◽  
Zhi Jun Chen ◽  
Bing Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Paper Disc

An anti-fungal derivative of rosin was synthesized. First, rosin was modified by acrylic acid and the modified rosin was esterified by epoxy chloropropane with the mole ratio of 1:3 for 3.5h at 90°C. The intermediate was bis 3-rosin acyloxy-2- hydroxypropyl chlorine and the degree of esterification was 98.81%. Then, bisN-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N,N dimethylamine was made from the intermediate under the following conditions: the intermediate and dimethylamine mole ratio of 1:2, reaction temperature of 80°C and reaction time of 2.5h. The chemical structure of the product was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The anti-fungal activity of the product was determined by paper-disc method with wood decay fungi such as Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum and wood stain fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces variot Bainier. The anti-fungal experiment results signified that bisN-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N, N dimethylamine is active vs. these fungi, but less effective with Aspergillus niger. Since it is produced easily from rosin, which is renewable and not expensive, this product has a promising future as a potential wood preservative.

Nanoparticles for the Controlled Release of Fungicides in Wood: Soil Jar Studies Using G.Trabeum and T. Versicolor Wood Decay Fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
P. Laks ◽  
P. Heiden
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Yellow Pine ◽  
Southern Yellow Pine

Summary Nanoparticles containing a fungicide, tebuconazole or chlorothalonil, were prepared as aqueous dispersions to treat sapwood of southern yellow pine (SYP) and birch using conventional pressure treatment methods. The maximum amount of active ingredient (a.i.) delivered into wood was ca. 2 kg a.i./m3 wood with tebuconazole-containing and 1.6 kg a.i/m3 wood with chlorothalonil-containing nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were prepared using polyvinylpyridine (PVPy) and polyvinylpyridine-co-styrene with 10% styrene (PVPy-10%-Sty) and with 30% styrene (PVPy-30%-Sty) as matrices. Soil jar tests were performed where nanoparticle-treated SYP was exposed to Gloeophyllum trabeum for 16 weeks and nanoparticle-treated birch was exposed to T. versicolor for 12 weeks. Following exposure to G. trabeum, SYP lost ca. 5% of its mass when treated with tebuconazole-containing nanoparticles (PVPy, PVPy-10%-Sty, PVPy-30%-Sty) with a tebuconazole content of ca. 0.5 kg a.i./m3 SYP. Similar results were obtained with chlorothalonil-treated SYP (0.5 kg a.i./m3) with PVPy-10%-Sty and PVPy-30%-Sty. Birch exposed to T. versicolor lost ca. 5% mass when tebuconazole (in PVPy and PVPy-30%-Sty) was ca. 0.5 kg a.i./m3, while similar results were found with chlorothalonil (PVPy, PVPy-10%-Sty, PVPy-30%-Sty) only at a biocide content of ca. 1.6 kg/m3 wood.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil isolated from Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Yang Wang ◽  
Chi-Lin Wu ◽  
Fang-Hua Chu ◽  
Shih-Chang Chien ◽  
Yueh-Hsiung Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Chamaecyparis Formosensis ◽  
Reference Samples

Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil of Chamaecyparis formosensis wood has been examined. GC-MS data and retention indices for reference samples were used to identify 32 constituents. α-Eudesmol (18.06%), β-guaiene (8.0%), (–)-β-cadinene (7.89%), γ-costal (7.03%), α-muurolol (6.49%), 4α-hydroxy-4β-methyldihydrocostol (5.52%), σ-selinene (4.78%), santolina triene (4.60%), eremophilene (4.32%), humulene (4.11%), myrtenol (4.11%), and τ-cadinene (3.25%) were the most abundant components. Tests with the typical wood decay fungi, Laetiporus sulphureus and Trametes versicolor, proved the antifungal activity of the oil, as the growth of L. sulphureus and T. versicolor was inhibited at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg ml−1, respectively. The following characteristic volatile compounds were isolated and purified from ethyl acetate fractions: epi-cubenol, chamaecynone, myrtenol, cis-myrtanol, 12-hydroxyisointermedenol and 4α-hydroxy-4β-methyldi-hydrocostol. Chamaecynone possessed the strongest antifungal activity, with an antifungal index of 88.2% and 67.3% for L. sulphureus and T. versicolor at a dose of 50 μg ml−1, respectively.

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF Euphorbia tirucalli; ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ONE OF ITS BIOACTIVE PRINCIPLES TIRUCALLOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
David Oriabure Ekhuemelo ◽  
J. V. Anyam ◽  
C. Ekhuemelo
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Euphorbia Tirucalli ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Antifungal properties of extracts from Euphorbia tirucalli against some wood decay fungi were studied. E. tirucalli fresh sample was harvested, cleansed and chipped into chips of 3 x 2 cm length and breadth. Chipped sample (846.3 g) was macerated in 1000 mL of ethyl acetate, n hexane and methanol solvents, respectively. Column chromatography experiment on E. tirucalli was carried out and antifungal screening was done according to standard method for 7 days to observe zones of inhibition of fungi growth. Broth dilution method was adopted to determine the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of E. tirucalli extracts and fraction. Results show that Fibroporia vaillantii, Fomitopsis pinicola, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Rhizopus sp. and Serpula lacrymans were sensitive to ethyl acetate, n’ hexane and methanol E. tirucalli extracts at concentration of 200 mg/mL with zone of inhibition of  18-26 mm and  methanol extract had the highest value of 26 mm. The fraction had zone of inhibition of between 18 and 20 mm which are not significantly different (p<0.05) from 29-35 mm obtained from antibiotics. The MIC of 10 mg/mL and MFC of 20 mg/mL were recorded for extracts against the test fungi while MIC of 50 µg/mL and MFC 200 µg/mL were noted for fraction (Et15), respectively. Fraction (Et15) obtained from E. tirucalli was characterised as tirucallol compound. In conclusion, E. tirucalli extracts and fraction have proved to be effective in the control of wood decay fungi and may serve as control of diseases caused by the test fungi

Growth inhibition of wood-decay fungi by lignin-related aromatic compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Cabral Almada ◽  
Mathilde Montibus ◽  
Frédérique Ham-Pichavant ◽  
Sandra Tapin-Lingua ◽  
Gilles Labat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

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