ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF Euphorbia tirucalli; ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ONE OF ITS BIOACTIVE PRINCIPLES TIRUCALLOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
David Oriabure Ekhuemelo ◽  
J. V. Anyam ◽  
C. Ekhuemelo
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Euphorbia Tirucalli ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Antifungal properties of extracts from Euphorbia tirucalli against some wood decay fungi were studied. E. tirucalli fresh sample was harvested, cleansed and chipped into chips of 3 x 2 cm length and breadth. Chipped sample (846.3 g) was macerated in 1000 mL of ethyl acetate, n hexane and methanol solvents, respectively. Column chromatography experiment on E. tirucalli was carried out and antifungal screening was done according to standard method for 7 days to observe zones of inhibition of fungi growth. Broth dilution method was adopted to determine the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of E. tirucalli extracts and fraction. Results show that Fibroporia vaillantii, Fomitopsis pinicola, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Rhizopus sp. and Serpula lacrymans were sensitive to ethyl acetate, n’ hexane and methanol E. tirucalli extracts at concentration of 200 mg/mL with zone of inhibition of  18-26 mm and  methanol extract had the highest value of 26 mm. The fraction had zone of inhibition of between 18 and 20 mm which are not significantly different (p<0.05) from 29-35 mm obtained from antibiotics. The MIC of 10 mg/mL and MFC of 20 mg/mL were recorded for extracts against the test fungi while MIC of 50 µg/mL and MFC 200 µg/mL were noted for fraction (Et15), respectively. Fraction (Et15) obtained from E. tirucalli was characterised as tirucallol compound. In conclusion, E. tirucalli extracts and fraction have proved to be effective in the control of wood decay fungi and may serve as control of diseases caused by the test fungi

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of soluble and total oxalate in Ca- and Mg-amended liquid cultures of three wood decay fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Schilling ◽  
Jody Jellison
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

AbstractTwo brown-rot wood decay fungi,Fomitopsis pinicolaandMeruliporia incrassata, and the white-rot speciesPhanerochaete chrysosporiumwere grown for 4 weeks in liquid culture at 0.35, 0.70, 1.05, and 5.00 mM calcium (Ca) and 1.35 and 2.70 mM magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Soluble and total oxalate levels were quantified using a revised ion-exchange HPLC protocol developed specifically for resolving oxalate and other organic acid anions from medium components. Total oxalate concentrations in brown-rot filtrate were not significantly different among treatments; however, soluble oxalate decreased significantly with increasing Ca concentration. Higher Mg concentrations increased soluble oxalate levels only slightly. There was a significant decrease in medium pH at 5.00 mM Ca for all species, as well as an apparent increase in decarboxylation activity in brown-rot fungi. Total and soluble oxalate levels in the white-rot cultures were generally below detection for all treatments. The results show a significant influence of Ca on soluble oxalate concentrations not seen previously in the brown-rot speciesPostia placenta.

scholarly journals Anti-wood-fungal performance of methanol extracts of Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata barks

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4143-4149
Author(s):  
Nur Syuhadah Binti Salim ◽  
Ismail B. Jusoh ◽  
Zaini B. Assim
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Fungal Performance

Various plant parts of Rhizophora species have been used in the treatment of a variety of diseases and illnesses. However, they have not been tested for antifungal properties related to wood decay fungi, especially the bark extractives. This study examined the methanol (MeOH) crude extracts of R. apiculata and R. mucronata barks in terms of the amount of extracts obtained and their antifungal properties. The antifungal activities of the crude MeOH extracts of both species were determined using the agar dilution method. Methanol crude extract from R. apiculata and R. mucronata were 10.8% and 15.7%, respectively and were toxic to Chaetomium globosum and Gloeophyllum trabeum at the concentration of 50 mg/mL.

Identification of Serpula lacrymans and other decay fungi in construction timber by sequencing of ribosomal DNA – A practical approach

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Högberg ◽  
C. J. Land
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Resinicium Bicolor ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

AbstractWe have approached species identification of wood decay fungi in construction wood by means of sequencing ribosomal DNA. Sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), which includes the 5.8S rDNA, is straightforward and provides a basis for species identification. Identification was either by BLAST search on sequences in GenBank or phylogenetic analysis. A number of important wood decay fungi such asSerpula lacrymans, S. himantioides, Antrodia serialis, A. sinuosa, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Fomitopsis pinicola, Resinicium bicolorandJunghuhnia collabenshave been successfully identified from fruitbodies and directly from wood samples. Sequence variants were found within the species sampled includingS. himantioides, the close relative ofS. lacrymans.But, among 27 samples from fruitbodies and mycelium ofS. lacrymans, unexpectedly, no sequence variation was detected.

Effects of Cunninghamia lanceolata Heartwood Extracts on the Wood Decay Resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 2010-2013
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Shu Jun Li ◽  
Li Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Extraction Processes

In this study, three extractives from China-fir heartwood were obtained by sequential extraction processes with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The antifungal activities of three extractives against two wood decay fungi (Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum) and two wood stain fungi (Paecilomyces variotii and Aspergillus niger) were evaluated with digging-hole method. The results showed that none of the three extracts had good antifungal activities against these four fungi. Among the three extracts, the hexane one was the most effective and the methanol extract was the second. The ethyl acetate extract, to some degree, stimulated the growth of wood decay fungi. Judging from antifungal activities of extracts, the combination of extracts rather than any single compound is important for China-fir durability. The cubes of China-fir heartwood went through a sequential extraction processes with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in Soxhlet extractor. The wood decay resistances of non-extracted and extracted heartwood blocks against Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum were evaluated after steam sterilization according to the Chinese standard method. Non-extracted heartwood blocks were resistant to Trametes versicolor but experienced substantial weight losses when exposed to Gloeophyllum trabeum. Weight losses increased after hexane extraction, but then declined markedly after ethyl acetate extraction. The possible explanation for the declined weight losses of ethyl acetate extracted blocks could be that some components which stimulated the growth of these fungi, especially Trametes versicolor were extracted by ethyl acetate. After extraction with methanol, weight losses of the blocks by Gloeophyllum trabeum increased dramatically but weight losses of the blocks by Trametes versicolor were similar to those of the ethyl acetate extracted blocks.

Growth inhibition of wood-decay fungi by lignin-related aromatic compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Cabral Almada ◽  
Mathilde Montibus ◽  
Frédérique Ham-Pichavant ◽  
Sandra Tapin-Lingua ◽  
Gilles Labat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

The role of wood decay fungi in the carbon and nitrogen dynamics of the forest floor

2009 ◽  
pp. 151-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Watkinson ◽  
Dan Bebber ◽  
Peter Darrah ◽  
Mark Fricker ◽  
Monika Tlalka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics

Bioconversion of Heptachlor Epoxide by Wood-Decay Fungi and Detection of Metabolites

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Fei Xiao ◽  
Toshio Mori ◽  
Ryuichiro Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Phlebia Brevispora

Although heptachlor epoxide is one of the most persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that cause serious environmental problems, there is very limited information of the biodegradation of heptachlor epoxide by microorganisms, and no systematic study on the metabolic products and pathway of endrin by microorganisms has been conducted. Wood-decay fungi can degrade a wide spectrum of recalcitrant organopollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, 18 wood-decay fungi strains of genus Phlebia were investigated for their ability to degrade heptachlor epoxide, and Phlebia acanthocystis, Phlebia brevispora, Phlebia lindtneri and Phlebia aurea removed about 16, 16, 22 and 25% of heptachlor epoxide, respectively, after 14 days of incubation. Heptachlor diol and 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene were detected in these fungal cultures as metabolites by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS), suggesting that the hydrolysis reaction in the epoxide ring and substitution of chlorine atom with hydroxyl group in C1 position occur in bioconversion of heptachlor epoxide by selected wood-decay fungi, respectively. This is the first report describing the metabolites of heptachlor epoxide by microorganisms.

scholarly journals Host-exclusivity and host-recurrence by wood decay fungi (Basidiomycota - Agaricomycetes) in Brazilian mangroves

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgea S. Nogueira-Melo ◽  
Paulo J. P. Santos ◽  
Tatiana B. Gibertoni
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

scholarly journals Leaf extracts of Casearia sylvestris and Casearia decandra affect growth and production of ligninolytic enzymes in wood decay basidiomycetes

Hoehnea ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiara Siqueira Bento ◽  
Luce Maria Brandão Torres ◽  
Mauricio Batista Fialho ◽  
Vera Lúcia Ramos Bononi
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Tropical Flora ◽  
Casearia Sylvestris

ABSTRACT White-rot basidiomycetes are able to deteriorate wood products and be pathogenic to living trees, requiring, thus requiring control. The tropical flora is an important source of eco-friendly antifungal compounds; however, the knowledge on how leaf extracts affect the fungal physiology is limited. Therefore, in the present work we investigated the influence of ethanolic leaf extracts of Casearia sylvestris and C. decandra at 0.1 mg mL-1 on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by Trametes villosa, Ganoderma australe and Pycnoporus sanguineus. Overall, the extracts inhibited the mycelial growth and the production of biomass. Additionally, C. sylvestris extract reduced the production of manganese peroxidase and laccase; however, the exposure to C. decandra extract resulted in variable responses. Therefore, enzymes related to lignin degradation are potential targets to control wood decay fungi by plant bioactive compounds, as their ability to colonize the substrate may be impaired.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document