Hydrocracking of Di(1-Naphthyl)methane over Acid Solid Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 850-853
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Yue ◽  
Bing Sun ◽  
Zhi Min Zong ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Li Min Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Model Reaction ◽  
Coal Liquefaction ◽  
Hydrogenation Product ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions

As a model reaction for coal liquefaction, the hydrocraking of di(1-naphthyl)methane (DNM) was investigated using acid solid catalyst (ASC) under different reaction conditions. The results show that acid solid catalyst selectively catalyzes DNM hydrocraking to give 1-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene, without hydrogenation product. The rate of DNM hydrocraking strongly depended on reaction temperature, reaction time and the catalyst feed, whereas effect of hydrogen pressure was not serious. The effects of acid solid catalyst is to make Car-Calk bond cleavage.

Preparation of Na2S from Na2SO4 Using CO

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 703-706
Author(s):  
Xiao Yi Shen ◽  
Hong Mei Shao ◽  
Zhi Meng Wang ◽  
Yu Chun Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Material Thickness

Na2SO4 solution that was obtained from ZnSO4 solution after Zn2+ precipitation using Na2CO3 was used as raw material. The Na2SO4·7H2O crystallization was obtained through cooling the Na2SO4 solution, and then the solution was cycled. The Na2SO4·7H2O was dried and then put into a porcelain boat located in a roaster. When the reaction between Na2SO4 and CO ended, the Na2S was obtained. The influences of reaction temperature, reaction time and material thickness on the conversion rate were discussed. The appropriate reaction conditions were reaction temperature 675°C, reaction time 120min and material thickness less than 4cm.

Alkylation of Phenol with Cyclohexanol Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquid

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Yu ◽  
Jun Nan ◽  
Jing Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhou Gui
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Alkylation of phenol with cyclohexanol catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid has been investigated. The influences of reaction temperature, reaction time, reactant ratio (mol ratio of phenol to cyclohexanol), the amount and the recycle of ionic liquid on catalytic activity were studied. The conversion of phenol and the selectivity of paracyclohexylphenol were 75.5% and 61.6%, respectively, under optimum reaction conditions. The ionic liquid was utilized repeatedly over three times without remarkable loss of catalytic activity．

Transesterification of NDC with EG: Effects of Reaction Conditions on NDC Conversion

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2774-2778
Author(s):  
Lin Ping Sun ◽  
Qian Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Zinc Acetate ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Transesterification of dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate with ethylene glycol over metal salts catalyst was empolyed as probe reation. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, the molar ratio of ethylene glycol to dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate, N2 flowrate, kind of metal salt on the conversion of dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate have been investigated. The results showed that the sequence of influence was as follows: reaction temperature > reaction time > ethylene glycol/dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate molar ratio > amount of the catalyst. The optimum reaction conditions were 210 oC of reaction temperature, 240 min of reaction time, 2.8 molar ratio of ethylene glycol to dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate, 60 ml/min of N2, amount of zinc acetate being 0.08 % / mole of dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate.

The Preparation of Micro-Molecular Dextran in Sub-Critical Water/CO2

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 502-505
Author(s):  
Shu Qiong Liao ◽  
Xiao Yu Peng ◽  
Xue Wang Zhang ◽  
Ke Lin Huang ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reaction Pressure ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Micro-molecular dextran was prepared in sub-critical water/CO2 by hydrolysis of dextran20. The obtained products were mainly characterized by FT-IR and GPC. Furthermore, the reaction temperature, reaction time, reaction pressure, solid-liquid radio and stirring speed were systematically investigated during the work. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature was 160°C; the reaction time was 60 min; the reaction pressure was 2.5MPa; the solid-liquid ratio was 0.6 and the stirring speed was 300r/min.

Study on Synthesis Technology of Dibutyl Phosphate

2014 ◽  
Vol 1052 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Zhao Guang Nie ◽  
Yan Fang Hu ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Ji Ming Hu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phosphorous Acid ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Catalyst Type

The method of the synthesis of dibutyl phosphate from phosphorous acid and n-butanol has been explored. Effects of reaction conditions, such as the ratio of raw materials, reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst type, and reaction time were investigated. The methods of analysis were studied. The composition of product was analyzed by titration method. The result showed: the best temperature was 125-135°C,the mole ratio of n-butanol / phosphorous acid was 3.6, the best reaction time without catalyst was 3h, the yield of dibutyl phosphate was 68%. The product can be separated by the agent of n-butanol/benzene 10:1 in TLC.

scholarly journals Utilization of Electric Arc Furnace Dust as a Solid Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled El-Araby Khodary ◽  
Marwa Mohamed Naeem ◽  
Mai Hassan Roushdy
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Dust

Abstract World’s energy sources like petrochemical oils, natural gas and coal cause global warming and environmental pollution. Therefore, the traditional energy sources must be replaced by the renewable energy resources. Biodiesel has been recognized as one of the effective, green, renewable and sustainable fuels. This paper investigates the production of biodiesel from sunflower oil by using electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) as a heterogeneous solid catalyst. Four reaction variables i.e. the reaction time, methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, reaction temperature, and EAFD loading were chosen to determine their effect on biodiesel production. The effect of the all reaction variables on the biodiesel yield was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). A relation has been developed representing the biodiesel conversion as function of all the independent variables. Reaction conditions optimization have been studied for the biodiesel yield maximization and the reaction conditions minimization. The optimum biodiesel yield equals 96 % at reaction temperature of 57 o C, Methanol to oil molar ratio of 20:1, and reaction time of 1h, and EAFD loading of 5%.

Synthesis of O-Cation Chitosan

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Feng Lan Xing ◽  
Bo Ming ◽  
Ming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction

O-cationic Chitosan was prepared by self-made cationic ether agent 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(GTA) and chitosan. In this process, the effects of reaction solvent, reaction temperature, reaction time, amount of KOH and GTA on the substitution of O-cationic chitosan were studiedand the optimal reaction conditions were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: reaction solvent Isopropanol, reaction time 30 h,reaction temperature 85 °C, KOH 3 mL（40 %） and the ratio of chitosan to GTA is 1:1.5.The degree of cationic is 55.36 %.

scholarly journals Synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-propylene glycol over metal carbonates

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Zhou ◽  
Wu Dongfang ◽  
Birong Zhang ◽  
Yali Guo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Lead Carbonate ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Metal Carbonates ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Mixed Carbonate

A series of single-metal carbonates and Pb-Zn mixed-metal carbonates were prepared as catalysts for alcoholysis of urea with 1,2-propylene glycol (PG) for the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC). The mixed carbonates all show much better catalytic activities than the single carbonates, arising from a strong synergistic effect between the two crystalline phases, hydrozincite and lead carbonate. The mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:2 gives the highest yield of PC, followed by the mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:3. Furthermore, Taguchi method was used to optimize the synthetic process for improving the yield of PC. It is shown that the reaction temperature is the most significant factor affecting the yield of PC, followed by the reaction time, and that the optimal reaction conditions are the reaction time at 5 hours, the reaction temperature at 180 oC and the catalyst amount at 1.8 wt%, resulting in the highest PC yield of 96.3%.

Synthesis of a Ruthenium Complex Based on 2,6-Bis[1-(Pyridin-2-yl)-1H-Benzo[d]Imidazol-2-yl]Pyridine and Catalytic Oxidation of (1H-Benzo[d]-Imidazol-2-yl)Methanol to 1H-Benzo[d]Imidazole-2-Carbaldehyde with H2O2

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Shenggui Liu ◽  
Rongkai Pan ◽  
Wenyi Su ◽  
Guobi Li ◽  
Chunlin Ni
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ruthenium Complex ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Optimal Reaction

2,6-Bis[1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine (bpbp), which has been synthesised by intramolecular thermocyclisation of N2,N6-bis[2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)phenyl]pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, reacts with sodium pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (pydic) and RuCl3 to give [Ru(bpbp)(pydic)] which can catalyse the oxidation of (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol to 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde by H2O2. The optimal reaction conditions were: molar ratios of catalyst to substrate to H2O2 set at 1: 1000: 3000; reaction temperature 50 °C; reaction time 5 h. The yield of (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) methanol was 70%.

Partition mechanism of adsorption and the absence of displacement phenomena in the zonal analytical chromatography of proteins on bead 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl-cellulose

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2375-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gemeiner ◽  
Eva Hrabárová ◽  
Magdaléna Zacharová ◽  
Albert Breier ◽  
Milan J. Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Hydrophobic Region ◽  
Bead Cellulose ◽  
To Come

Hydrophobization of bead cellulose is described, carried out by its alkylation with 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane under the conditions of acid (perchloric acid, borontrifluoride diethyl etherate) and basic (sodium hydroxide) catalysis. Reaction conditions (temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of reactants) have been determined, allowing the hydrophobization of bead cellulose to be carried out to the largest possible extent while maintaining its spherical shape. The nonstoichiometric mechanism suggested for the adsorption of amphiphilic adsorptives on bead 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl-cellulose (HPP-C) was checked by means of adsorption of six proteins. It was found that the surface of the hydrophobic segment of the adsorbent must be sufficiently large to be able to come in touch with the hydrophobic region of the protein through its multiple residues. In such cases the partitioning of the protein between the hydrophobic segment present as a liquid-like film and the surrounding solution becomes the predominant step of the adsorption. This adsorption mechanism is also reflected in zonal chromatography on bead HPP-C, as no displacement phenomena could be observed in any of the six proteins used. Retention of these proteins has been affected to a decisive extent by the degree of hydrophobization of HPP-C.

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