scholarly journals Utilization of Electric Arc Furnace Dust as a Solid Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled El-Araby Khodary ◽  
Marwa Mohamed Naeem ◽  
Mai Hassan Roushdy
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Dust

Abstract World’s energy sources like petrochemical oils, natural gas and coal cause global warming and environmental pollution. Therefore, the traditional energy sources must be replaced by the renewable energy resources. Biodiesel has been recognized as one of the effective, green, renewable and sustainable fuels. This paper investigates the production of biodiesel from sunflower oil by using electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) as a heterogeneous solid catalyst. Four reaction variables i.e. the reaction time, methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, reaction temperature, and EAFD loading were chosen to determine their effect on biodiesel production. The effect of the all reaction variables on the biodiesel yield was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). A relation has been developed representing the biodiesel conversion as function of all the independent variables. Reaction conditions optimization have been studied for the biodiesel yield maximization and the reaction conditions minimization. The optimum biodiesel yield equals 96 % at reaction temperature of 57 o C, Methanol to oil molar ratio of 20:1, and reaction time of 1h, and EAFD loading of 5%.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZING REACTION CONDITIONS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING GREEN SOLID CATALYST

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
I Nengah Simpen ◽  
I Made Sutha Negara ◽  
Sofyan Dwi Jayanto
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
One Step

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in two steps reaction of esterification and transesterification is low efficient, due to twice methanol consumption and need more reaction time. Optimizing reaction conditions of CaO as a matrix of solid catalyst prepared from crab shell (green CaO) and modified by K2O/TiO2 for converting waste cooking oil to biodiesel have been carried out. Catalytic process of waste cooking oil to biodiesel took place in one step reaction of esterification and transesterification. The research result showed that optimum conditions in its one step reaction such as methanol to oil molar ratio was 9:1, amount of CaO/K2O-TiO2 catalyst to oil was 5% and reaction time of 60 minutes with biodiesel yield was 88.24%. Physical and chemical properties of biodiesel which produced from one step reaction of esterification and transesterification of waste cooking oil were suitable with Indonesian National Standard (SNI-04-7182-2006) namely density at 40oC of 850 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity at 40oC of 3.32 cSt, water content of 0.046%, iodine number of 59.25 g I2/100g and acid value of 0.29 mg KOH/g. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel formed fatty acid methyl esters from conversion of waste cooking oil.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Uyen Pham ◽  
My Nguyen ◽  
Horng-Yi Juan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
American Society ◽  
Optimal Reaction

This study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for biodiesel production from soursop (Annona muricata) seeds. A high oil yield of 29.6% (w/w) could be obtained from soursop seeds. Oil extracted from soursop seeds was then converted into biodiesel through two-step transesterification process. A highest biodiesel yield of 97.02% was achieved under optimal acid-catalyzed esterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, 1% H2SO4, reaction time: 90 min, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 10:1) and optimal alkali-catalyzed transesterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, reaction time: 30 min, 0.6% NaOH, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 8:1). The properties of soursop biodiesel were determined and most were found to meet the European standard EN 14214 and American Society for Testing and Materials standard D6751. This study suggests that soursop seed oil is a promising biodiesel feedstock and that soursop biodiesel is a viable alternative to petrodiesel.

scholarly journals High-Quality Biodiesel Production from Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) Oil Soapstock

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Pantoja ◽  
Vanessa Mescouto ◽  
Carlos Costa ◽  
José Zamian ◽  
Geraldo Rocha Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Buriti Oil ◽  
Brazilian Standard

The buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa) is a palm tree widely distributed throughout tropical South America. The oil extracted from the fruits of this palm tree is rich in natural antioxidants. The by-products obtained from the buriti palm have social and economic importance as well, hence the interest in adding value to the residue left from refining this oil to obtain biofuel. The process of methyl esters production from the buriti oil soapstock was optimized considering acidulation and esterification. The effect of the molar ratio of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to soapstock in the range from 0.6 to 1.0 and the reaction time (30–90 min) were analyzed. The best conditions for acidulation were molar ratio 0.8 and reaction time of 60 min. Next, the esterification of the fatty acids obtained was performed using methanol and H2SO4 as catalyst. The effects of the molar ratio (9:1–27:1), percentage of catalyst (2–6%) and reaction time (1–14 h) were investigated. The best reaction conditions were: 18:1 molar ratio, 4% catalyst and 14 h reaction time, which resulted in a yield of 92% and a conversion of 99.9%. All the key biodiesel physicochemical characterizations were within the parameters established by the Brazilian standard. The biodiesel obtained presented high ester content (96.6%) and oxidative stability (16.1 h).

Preparation and Characterization of Cationic Cassia Tora Gum

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Ying Li ◽  
Chun Mei Niu ◽  
Hua Yu Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Dispersing Agent

Series of cationic cassia tora gum (CCTG) were synthesized using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) as cationic etherifying agent, isopropanol-water solution as dispersing agent, in presence of sodium hydroxide under different reaction conditions. The optimum ratio for preparing the cationic cassia tora gum are that CHPTAC-CTG molar ratio is 0.6:1; NaOH-CHPTAC molar ratio is 1.3:1.The optimum conditions are that reaction temperature is 55°Cand reaction time is 3.5 h. The cold water solubility was improved apparently. The solution transmittance has corresponding relationship with the nitrogen content (N%) in the certain range, and the maximum transmittance is up to 87.2%. N% increased with the increase of reaction time and stable N% can be obtained in shorter reaction time at higher reaction temperature. The products were characterized by 13C-NMR. The heat resistance of CTG and CCTG were analyzed.

Optimization of melon oil methyl ester production using response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Aliozo ◽  
L. N. Emembolu ◽  
O. D. Onukwuli
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Central Composite Designs ◽  
American Society

Abstract In this research work, melon oil was used as feedstock for methyl ester production. The research was aimed at optimizing the reaction conditions for methyl ester yield from the oil. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a five level, four variable central composite designs (CCD)was used to optimize and statistically analyze the interaction effect of the process parameter during the biodiesel production processes. A total of 30 experiments were conducted to study the effect of methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst weight, temperature and reaction time. The optimal yield of biodiesel from melon oil was found to be 94.9% under the following reaction conditions: catalyst weight - 0.8%, methanol to oil molar ratio - 6:1, temperature - 55°C and reaction time of 60mins. The quality of methyl ester produced at these conditions was within the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) specification.

Improve the Temperature Resistance of Guar Gum by Silanization

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Optimized Conditions

For gelating agent in hydraulic fracturing fluid, the temperature resistance is required. To improve the temperature resistance of Guar gum (GG), it was modified by silanization. The reaction conditions were investigated, and the optimized conditions were as following: the reaction temperature of 85°C, 5: 1 molar ratio of guar gum to TMS-Cl and 4-6 h of reaction time. The viscosity of silanized guar gum (SGG) aqueous gel was greatly improved even high temperature at 80°C.

Effects of Microwave and Additional Co–Solvents on Two–Stage Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel Conversion

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1136-1141
Author(s):  
Ming Chien Hsiao ◽  
Yung Hung Chang ◽  
Li Wen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Standard Value

This paper introduced a better solution to accelerating the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by using suitable acidic and alkaline catalysts in a two-stage catalytic reaction. Next, a co-solvent named tetrahydrofuran (THF), which significantly increased mixing level of the reactants in the mixture of vegetable oil and methanol, was added to form a single phase system. The whole system was then put into a microwave oven to support heat for the transesterification of biodiesel to shorten the reaction time. Reaction conditions of the first stage were methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst amount 1wt%, reaction temperature 60 oC and reaction time 7.5 minutes. In the second stage, for the transesterification, reaction conditions were methanol to oil molar ratio 12:1, catalyst loadings 1 wt%, reaction temperature 60 oC and reaction time 1.5 minutes. Finally, the conversion rate of biodiesel after the nine-minute reaction time was 97.38% which was higher than the EU EN14214 standard value of 96.5%.

Hybrid Approach for Optimizing Process Parameters in Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 834 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Pongchanun Luangpaiboon ◽  
Pasura Aungkulanon
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Influential Parameters

Biodiesel was synthesized from direct transesterification of palm oil reacted with methanol in the presence of a suitable catalyst. There is a sequence of three consecutive reversible reactions for the transesterification process. These process parameters were optimized via the hybrid optimization approach of a conventional response surface method and artificial intelligence mechanisms from Sine Cosine and Thermal Exchange Optimization metaheuristics. The influential parameters and their combined interaction effects on the transesterification efficiency were established through a factorial designed experiments. In this study, the influential parameters being optimized to obtain the maximum yield of biodiesel were reaction temperature of 60–150°C, reaction time of 1–6 hours, methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1–12:1 mol/mol and weight of catalyst of 1–10wt. %. On the first phase, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the reaction time as the most influential parameter on biodiesel production. Based on the experimental results from the hybrid algorithm via the SCO, it was concluded that the optimal biodiesel yield for the transesterification of palm oil were found to be 100°C for reaction temperature, 4 hours for reaction time, 10:1 wt/wt of ratio methanol to oil and 8% of weight of catalyst with 92.15% and 90.97% of biodiesel yield for expected and experimental values, respectively.

Biodiesel Production through Direct Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Alcohol via Ultrasonic Wave

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Kang ◽  
Hua Jin Shi ◽  
Lin Ge Yang ◽  
Jun Xia Kang ◽  
Zi Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ester Exchange Reaction

Biodiesel is prepared from waste cooking oil and methanol. The ester exchange reaction is conducted under ultrasonic conditions with alkali as the catalysts. Five factors influencing on the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production are discussed in this study, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio, ultrasonic power. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the conversion of biodiesel under various conditions. The process of biodiesel production was optimized by application of orthogonal test obtain the optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were:molar ratio of oil to methanol 8:1,catalysts 1.2g KOH/100g oil,reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 50 min,Ultrasonic power 400W. The conversion may up to 96.48%.

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