Optimization of Process Parameters of Hot-Dip Aluminized Coating

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Chen ◽  
Guang Ze Dai ◽  
Jun Wen Zhao ◽  
Xing Min Huang ◽  
Jing Han
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Polynomial Equations ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Diffusion Treatment ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
And Diffusion

The hot-dip aluminized process parameters with respect to the thickness and microstructure of intermetalic layer were investigated using a uniform design of experiments. The measured thickness of intermetalic layer was regressed as first- to third-order polynomial equations of four related parameters, i.e. hot-dip temperature, hot-dip time, diffusion treatment temperature and diffusion treatment time. It was found that the third-order regressed equation was acceptable and appropriate to identify the influences of the investigated parameters on the thickness of intermetalic layer. Comprehensive analysis of the results based on the regressed equation and microstructure could supply believable and optimized process parameters.

scholarly journals Temperature and Light Effects on Germination of Burnet, Sanguisorba spp.

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 448A-448
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Holloway ◽  
Grant E.M. Matheke
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Polynomial Equations ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Sanguisorba Officinalis

Seeds of three Sanguisorba species native to Alaska were germinated in growth chambers with constant air temperatures of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, or 30°C and an irradiance of 150 μM·m–1·s–2 for an 18-hr photoperiod to identify optimum germination in relation to temperature and light. Four replicates of 100 seeds each were sown onto filter paper in petri dishes in each temperature treatment. At 20°C, four additional dishes per species were enclosed in foil to exclude light. Dishes were arranged at random by species in large clear plastic bags, and daily counts of radicle emergence were recorded. Germination of all three species was fitted to third-order polynomial equations by regression analysis. The predicted optimum germination temperature for Sanguisorba officinalis was 25°C; S. menziesii was 24°C; and S. stipulata was 25°C. Germination was most rapid (days to 50% germination) for each species in the 25°C treatment. S. stipulata did not germinate at 5°C, and both S. stipulata and S. menziesii showed less than 50% germination at 30°C. Seeds of all species germinated as well in darkness as in light.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Hardness of Electroless Ni-P Plating

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 878-882
Author(s):  
Guan Jun Liu ◽  
Xin Hua Mao ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Zhou Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Heat Treatment Condition ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heat Treatment Time ◽  
Alloy Plating

Hardness of electronless Ni-P alloy plating which have five different phosphorus content were investigated with HX-1000 type microscopic Vickers hardness tester, respectively. Phosphorus content of Ni-P platings were investigated by Quanta 200 type scanning electron microscope and Oxford Energy Disperse Spectroscopy Heat treatment temperature and time of the different platings were optimized and analysed by Uniform Design method, respectively. The results show that correlation consist between maximum hardness of the Ni-P alloy plating and heat treatment temperature, not heat treatment time under the experimental condition which the heat treatment time is between one hour and five hours, and maximal value of the plating hardness appears when the heat treatment temperature is 400-430 Celsius degree. Maximal hardness value of the electronless Ni-P alloy plating increases with increase of their phosphorus content under heat treatment condition.

scholarly journals The reproductive index from SEIR model of Covid-19 epidemic in Asean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongkeaw Udomsamuthirun ◽  
Grittichon Chanilkul ◽  
Pongkarn Tongkhonburi ◽  
Chatcharawan Meesubthong
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
External Stimulus ◽  
Polynomial Equations ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Seir Model ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
The Difference

AbstractAs we calculate analytic to link the coefficient of third-order polynomial equations from raw data of an Asean to the SEIR model. The Reproductive index depending on the average incubation period and the average infection period and the coefficient polynomial equations fitted from raw are derived. We also consider the difference of the average incubation period as 5 days and 3 days with the average infection period as 10 day of an Asean. We find that the value of R0 are Indonesia (7.97), Singapore (6.22), Malaysia (3.86), Thailand (2.48), respectively. And we also find that Singapore has 2 values of R0 as 1.54 (16 Feb to 37 March) and 6.22 (31 March-4 April).The peak of infection rate are not found for Singapore and Indonesia at the time of consideration. The model of external stimulus is added into raw data of Singapore and Indonesia to find the maximum rate of infection. We find that Singapore need more magnitude of external stimulus than Indonesia. And the external stimulus for 14 days can stimulate to occur the peak of infected daily case of both country.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure and Hardness of Electroless Ni-P Plating

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Jun Liu ◽  
Hui Rong Zhang ◽  
Xin Hua Mao ◽  
Feng Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
P Content ◽  
Uniform Design Method

Hardness of electronless Ni-P plating with 10.98wt.% P content was investigated. Heat treatment temperature and time of the plating was optimized by Uniform Design method. Structure of the plating was analyzed by XRD method. The results show that correlation consist between maximum hardness of the Ni-P plating and heat treatment temperature, not heat treatment time under the experimental condition, and max. of the plating hardness appears when the heat treatment is about 430°C . With increase of heat treatment temperature, structure of the plating transitioned gradually from amorphous state to crystalline state, and Ni3P crystal grain grown up, and it affect hardness of the plating.

Effect of Heat Treatment to Ni-20wt.%Al Coating Diffusion

2012 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Xiao Wang ◽  
Jian Fei Sun ◽  
Zhi Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Twin Wire Arc Spraying ◽  
Oxide Phases ◽  
Wire Arc Spraying ◽  
Al Coating ◽  
And Diffusion

Ni-20wt.%Al coating was fabricated on the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy substrate in twin wire arc spraying technology. Heat treatment temperature was 400°C，480°C and 550°C, and each heat treatment time was 4h, 24h and 48h. Reaction mechanism and diffusion behavior of elements of coating/substrate interface were discussed. The XRD results showed that NiAl and Ni3Al phases were diminished and the nickel solid solution was gradually improved in volume. And some oxide phases existed, such as two types of alumina and nickel oxides. The SEM and EDS analysis showed, there was no obvious diffusion. At the low temperature condition, the diffusion phenomenon was existed in the interface.

The Heat and Diffusion Treatment of Natural and Synthetic Sapphires

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 528-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Crowningshield ◽  
Kurt Nassau
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Treatment ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Natural And Synthetic
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