Comparison between Water Contents Reported and Actual Water Contents in High Speed Diesel Used for Industrial Power Generation in Pakistan to Establish Relationship between NOx Reported and NOx Observed in Industrial Emissions

Environmental pollution due to industrial emission is becoming a growing problem day by day and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) are one of the contributing factors in it. Researchers are in continuous efforts for finding out ways to control these NOx. Out of many, one of the ways to control these NOx is by controlling the volume of water in High Speed Diesel (HSD) used for power generation in Diesel generators (DGs). Water content in HSD provides oxygen for the formation of NOx. Research presented in this paper also revolves around the relation ship between the water contents of HSD and NOx emitted by the DGs. Relevant industrial data of water contents in HSD and NOx percentage in emissions has been collected from selected Industry in Pakistan the largest consumer good manufacturer in Pakistan and one of the largest Multi-national consumer goods manufacturer.

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Combustion System Strategy to Meet Tier4 Final Emission Regulations in a Locomotive Application for a Large Bore High Speed Diesel Engine

Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion; Emissions Control Systems ◽

10.1115/icef2014-5517 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chandan Mahato ◽

Boopathi Singalandapuram Mahadevan ◽

John L. Hoehne ◽

Arun C. Ravindran

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

High Speed ◽

Catalytic Reduction ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽

Combustion System ◽

Fuel Injector ◽

High Speed Diesel ◽

Emission Regulations ◽

Unburned Hydrocarbons

The combustion system of a large bore four stroke diesel engine was developed using the Analysis Led Design (ALD) process. A combustion strategy of particulate matter (PM) control in-cylinder and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) controlled through urea based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of the engine exhaust, was adopted. Combustion analysis tools and single cylinder engine (SCE) tests were used to determine key combustion parameters like in-cylinder swirl, fuel injector configuration and, combustion chamber design to meet the EPA Tier4 final emission regulations at the different notch settings of the locomotive test cycle. Experimental validation of the ALD recommended hardware was accomplished on the SCE and the best combination was selected. Engine out PM and NOx target compliance was demonstrated on the multi cylinder diesel engine (MCE) over the composite locomotive notch cycle. Selective fuel Injector strategy was applied to control excessive unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) at low load engine operating conditions within the locomotive notch cycle.

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Paper 10: Fuel Limitations on Diesel Engine Development and Application

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Conference Proceedings ◽

10.1243/pime_conf_1969_184_474_02 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 184 (16) ◽

pp. 81-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. E. Howells ◽

S. T. Walker

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

High Speed ◽

Fuel Quality ◽

Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽

Diesel Vehicles ◽

Medium Speed ◽

High Speed Diesel ◽

Small Influence ◽

Ignition Quality

The authors discuss the emission characteristics of the high-speed diesel engine, and conclude that fuel quality variations have only a small influence on the emission of black smoke and oxides of nitrogen at full load. However, at idle or light engine loads, good ignition quality is shown to be essential in order to minimize the emission of unburnt hydrocarbons and aldehydes. Emphasis is placed on the need to pay greater attention to fuel system design in order to improve the low-temperature operability of diesel vehicles. The problems of burning residual fuel in medium-speed engines are reviewed and data on the ignition quality of these products are presented.

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DEFINITION OF THE THERMAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AROUND A HIGH SPEED DIESEL ENGINE PISTON

Proceeding of International Heat Transfer Conference 11 ◽

10.1615/ihtc11.400 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

Serge Ravary ◽

Franck Simon ◽

Alain Alexandre ◽

Jean-Bernard Saulnier ◽

Dominique Joubert

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Boundary Conditions ◽

High Speed ◽

Thermal Boundary Conditions ◽

Engine Piston ◽

High Speed Diesel ◽

Definition Of

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Factors Affecting Driver Injury Severity in the Wrong-Way Crash: Accounting for Potential Heterogeneity in Means and Variances of Random Parameters

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/03611981211009882 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812110098

Author(s):

Miao Yu ◽

Jinxing Shen ◽

Changxi Ma

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽

Research Effort ◽

Random Parameter ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Severe Injuries ◽

Data Set ◽

Severity Levels

Because of the high percentage of fatalities and severe injuries in wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes, numerous studies have focused on identifying contributing factors to the occurrence of WWD crashes. However, a limited number of research effort has investigated the factors associated with driver injury-severity in WWD crashes. This study intends to bridge the gap using a random parameter logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances approach that can account for the unobserved heterogeneity in the data set. Police-reported crash data collected from 2014 to 2017 in North Carolina are used. Four injury-severity levels are defined: fatal injury, severe injury, possible injury, and no injury. Explanatory variables, including driver characteristics, roadway characteristics, environmental characteristics, and crash characteristics, are used. Estimation results demonstrate that factors, including the involvement of alcohol, rural area, principal arterial, high speed limit (>60 mph), dark-lighted conditions, run-off-road collision, and head-on collision, significantly increase the severity levels in WWD crashes. Several policy implications are designed and recommended based on findings.

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Prognostic Assessment of the Performance Parameters for the Industrial Diesel Engines Operated with Microalgae Oil

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6482

Author(s):

Sergejus Lebedevas ◽

Laurencas Raslavičius

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

High Speed ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Prognostic Assessment ◽

High Speed Diesel ◽

Microalgae Oil ◽

The Difference ◽

Smoke Opacity ◽

Efficiency Indicators

A study conducted on the high-speed diesel engine (bore/stroke: 79.5/95.5 mm; 66 kW) running with microalgae oil (MAO100) and diesel fuel (D100) showed that, based on Wibe parameters (m and φz), the difference in numerical values of combustion characteristics was ~10% and, in turn, resulted in close energy efficiency indicators (ηi) for both fuels and the possibility to enhance the NOx-smoke opacity trade-off. A comparative analysis by mathematical modeling of energy and traction characteristics for the universal multi-purpose diesel engine CAT 3512B HB-SC (1200 kW, 1800 min−1) confirmed the earlier assumption: at the regimes of external speed characteristics, the difference in Pme and ηi for MAO100 and D100 did not exceeded 0.7–2.0% and 2–4%, respectively. With the refinement and development of the interim concept, the model led to the prognostic evaluation of the suitability of MAO100 as fuel for the FPT Industrial Cursor 13 engine (353 kW, 6-cylinders, common-rail) family. For the selected value of the indicated efficiency ηi = 0.48–0.49, two different combinations of φz and m parameters (φz = 60–70 degCA, m = 0.5 and φz = 60 degCA, m = 1) may be practically realized to achieve the desirable level of maximum combustion pressure Pmax = 130–150 bar (at α~2.0). When switching from diesel to MAO100, it is expected that the ηi will drop by 2–3%, however, an existing reserve in Pmax that comprises 5–7% will open up room for further optimization of energy efficiency and emission indicators.

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