The Jewish Working Class in America

Between 1881 and 1924, when federal immigration restrictions were introduced, two and half million Jews from East Europe entered the United States. Approximately half of them settled in New York City where they soon comprised the largest Jewish settlement in the world. The Lower East Side, where families crowded into tenements, became the densest place on the globe. Possessing few skills, Jewish immigrants took jobs with which they had some prior familiarity as peddlers and as workers in the burgeoning garment and textile industries. With the rise of clothing as a mass consumer good, the garment industry emerged as the leading industrial sector in the city. Jewish workers predominated in it. But conditions of sweated labor in shops and factories propelled worker protest. A Jewish labor movement sprung up, energized by the arrival of socialist radicals in the labor Bund. Women workers played a major role in organizing the Jewish working class, spearheading a series of major strikes between 1909 and 1911. These women also staged “meat riots” over inflated beef prices in 1902 and “rent wars” in the early 1930s. To be sure, garment work and the labor movement also shaped the experience of Jewish immigrants in cities such as Baltimore, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Boston. Jews notably worked in other apparel industries, but the alternative for many (especially in small cities without a garment industry) was peddling and shopkeeping. Self-employed, but situated within and integrated in the working-class community, both sectors reflected the nontraditional nature of the Jewish working class. Jewish peddlers and petty shopkeepers increasingly morphed in a second generation into a middle class in higher status white-collar work. But despite this mobility, Yiddishkeit, a vibrant Jewish working-class culture of Jewish proletarian theater, folk choruses, journalism, education, housing, and recreation, which was particularly nourished by Bundists, flourished and carried a rich legacy forward in the postwar era.

Avoiding the Production of Polluting and Toxic Chemicals in the Tanning Process

Polluting and potentially toxic chemicals are used in tanning. Sodium sulfide/hydrosulfide are used when the hides are unhaired. These chemicals can be transformed into hydrogen sulfide with a simple change of pH. This gas is highly toxic and is the recurring cause of many deaths and accidents due to suffocation of workers in tanneries around the world. The basic salts of chromium III are the most used chemical to tan. The chromium III used can be transformed by oxidation, even once the leather transformed into a consumer good (shoes, for example), in chromium VI, which is carcinogenic. Both chemicals are present in process floats, in residual floats and in solid waste generated. Chromium III is also present in manufactured leathers. This article aims to describe the problems associated with the use of the aforementioned hazardous materials and deepen the possibility of using less toxic alternative processes to tan. The designed process allows to significantly reduce the pollutant load of the discharged wastewater, facilitates the reuse of the solid waste generated and clearly improve the safety of people at work.

Komunikasi Eksternal Marketing Public Relations Dalam Membangun Citra Positif Perusahaan (Studi Kasus pada PT Sasa Inti)

Public Relations contributes to the marketing efforts of a company in fostering external relations. MPR is needed to become a bridge between product sales and the creation of a corporate image. In this research, the researcher tries to explain more deeply about how MPR external communication carried out by one of the fast-moving consumer good (FMCG) companies, namely PT Sasa Inti, in building a positive image. This study aims to see how MPR's external communication practices in building a positive image of the company through several forms of communication, programs, strategies and techniques that are able to support in influencing the public as well as realizing consumer loyalty. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The case study was conducted at PT Sasa Inti Jakarta. Data collection was carried out by interviewing techniques which were conducted face-to-face by applying the Covid-19 health protocol, observation, namely non-participant observation through a website visit and documentation in the form of photo awards obtained by this company. The MPR external communication carried out by PT Sasa Inti in building a positive image occurs reciprocally, namely communicating from the organization to the audience and vice versa, such as dealing with customers, communities and government. Public Relations berkontribusi dalam upaya marketing sebuah perusahaan dalam membina hubungan eksternal. Marketing Public Relations (MPR) Sangat dibutuhkan untuk menjadi jembatan antara penjualan produk dan penciptaan citra perusahaan. Di dalam penelitian ini, peneliti berusaha menjelaskan lebih dalam mengenai bagaimana komunikasi eksternal MPR yang dilakukan salah satu perusahaan barang konsumen yang bergerak cepat atau fast moving consumer good (FMCG) yaitu PT Sasa Inti dalam membangun citra positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana praktik-praktik komunikasi eksternal MPR dalam membangun citra positif perusahaan melalui beberapa bentuk komunikasi, program, strategi maupun teknik yang mampu mendukung dalam mempengaruhi publik sekaligus mewujudkan loyalitas konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Studi kasus dilakukan pada PT Sasa Inti Jakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara yang dilakukan secara tatap muka dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan Covid-19, observasi yaitu non-participant observation melalui website visit dan dokumentasi berupa foto penghargaan yang didapat oleh perusahaan ini. Komunikasi eksternal MPR yang dilakukan PT Sasa Inti dalam membangun citra positif terjadi secara timbal balik yaitu berkomunikasi dari organisasi kepada khalayak dan sebaliknya, seperti berhubungan dengan pelanggan, komunitas dan pemerintah.

Incorporation of coconut milk residue in pasta: Influence on cooking quality, sensory and physical properties

A study was conducted to explore the potentiality of coconut milk residue (CMR) for cold extrusion (pasta preparation). Proximate analysis revealed that coconut milk residue is a rich source of crude fibre (24.03%) in addition to crude fat (41.55%), crude protein (5%), total carbohydrates (26.24%) and ash content (0.97%) at 2.23 per cent moisture. The effect of coconut milk residue upon replacing durum wheat semolina on cooking qualities, colour parameters, textural property and overall sensory acceptability of pasta samples were evaluated. Incorporation of coconut milk residue significantly influenced the observed parameters (P<0.01). Cooking time was unaffected by incorporating milk residue up to 10 per cent (P<0.05). Though the addition of residue increased the gruel loss (0.84 to 1.34%), the per cent loss was below the technologically acceptable limit (<8%). A similar effect was visualized in water absorption. Conversely, the firmness gets reduced with an increased concentration of coconut milk residue beyond 10 per cent. Pasta with 5 per cent and 10 per cent coconut milk residue were accepted as that of control by the sensory panel. Free fatty acid content was not affected by the period of storage (P>0.05). Thus, the study recommends incorporating 10 per cent coconut milk residue in durum wheat semolina for pasta preparation. Moreover, the entrepreneurs engaged in the coconut milk/milk powder and virgin coconut oil industry would be benefitted by adopting this venture, wherein they would be able to fetch huge additional income by placing their residue product on an upgraded fast-moving consumer good (FMCG) value chain.

Cultural motives affecting tea purchase behavior under two usage situations in China: a study of renqing, mianzi, collectivism, and man-nature unity culture

Tea should be perceived more as a cultural product than a fast-moving consumer good with its roots deep in different cultures across nations. Nevertheless, consumer demands on tea have not been explored sufficiently from a cultural perspective. This research aims to examine motives that are driving Chinese tea consumption on two usage occasions, under the influence of the Chinese renqing, mianzi, collectivism, and man-nature unity culture. Linkage was established between Chinese culture and consumer motives. The factor analysis on 280 respondents identified five consumer psychological motives. Further logistic regression analysis suggested consumer motives and usage situations were related. The contribution of the findings is summarized. On one hand, this study adds to the limited understandings on consumer motives of tea in an emerging country from the cultural aspect. On the other hand, deep understandings of brand chasing, sustainability, and pragmatism motives should businesses to better serve consumers.

PENGARUH PSAK NO. 1 TENTANG PENYAJIAN LAPORAN CASH FLOW DAN CAPITAL EXPENDITURE TERHADAP FIRM VALUE PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG BERGERAK DI BIDANG CONSUMER GOOD YANG TERDAFTAR DI JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX PERIODE 2010-2019

Financial statements are prepared and presented to be submitted to those who need them. Of course, in this presentation must be in accordance with the existing provisions that are stipulated in PSAK No. 1 concerning the presentation of financial statements. Firm Value has an important role because it will form an image for the company, firm value is created by the contribution of other factors. Operation Cash Flow informs cash inflows and cash outflows from a company. Capital Expenditure as a reserve fund to support the expansion of the company or the improvement of assets. This research uses descriptive methods and quantitative approaches using secondary data supported by literature and documentation studies. The results showed that Operation Cash Flow partially has a positive and significant effect on Firm Value as well as Capital Expenditure has a positive and significant effect on Firm Value. Simultaneously both free variables can contribute and are able to significantly affect firm value.Keywords: Operation Cash Flow, Capital Expenditure, Firm Value

Opini Member Mengenai Personal Selling Sales Moka Pos dalam Memasarkan Produk

Large companies application cash Moka POS is one of business competitors in the online. Moka POS system is the point of sales. The point of sales arranged to present information business. If a cafe, then output is menu and price. The output of cash application was sent digitally through sms to customers cellular phones. Moka POS through personal selling post, sell their products use of the executive marketers sales which aims to affect consumer to purchase. On Moka POS sometimes frequent mistake by sales or communication on the application cashier online itself. To the Moka POS give to briefing sales. However sales was not able to practice so they cannot give satisfaction for their customers, this can be seen in figure a customer complaint. The purpose of research to know a member opinion about salesmanship sales, negotiating, marketing sales relationship Moka POS heading in markets better for you products. A method of descriptive with the sampling method of who used in research is the total sampling. The sample collection as many as 95 visitors. Based on the research done, shows that a member opinion about salesmanship sales, negotiating, relationship marketing Moka POS heading in markets better for you products sales could be said to be good because any product Moka POS offer will be able to understand, the manner of serving salesmanship sales, negotiating, relationship marketing to consumer good so consumers business operators become a member of the application of these Moka POS. Abstrak. Perusahaan besar aplikasi kasir online yaitu Moka POS adalah salah satu pesaing bisnis dalam bidang online. Moka POS merupakan aplikasi sistem Point of Sales. Sistem Point of Sales diatur agar dapat menyajikan informasi usaha. Apabila pada sebuah kafe, maka output-nya adalah daftar menu dan harga. Output dari aplikasi kasir tersebut dikirimkan secara digital melalui SMS ke ponsel pelanggan. Moka POS melalui personal selling, memasarkan produknya menggunakan tenaga pemasar yaitu Sales Executive yang bertujuan untuk mempengaruhi konsumen agar melakukan pembelian. Pada Moka POS terkadang juga sering terjadi kesalahan komunikasi oleh sales ataupun pada aplikasi kasir online itu sendiri. Untuk meminimalis keluhan-keluhan tersebut, Moka POS memberikan pembekalan kepada sales. Namun ternyata sales tersebut belum mampu mempraktekannya sehingga mereka tidak dapat memberikan kepuasan bagi pelanggannya, hal ini dapat dilihat pada gambar keluhan pelanggan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui opini member mengenai salesmanship sales, negotiating, relationship marketing sales Moka POS dalam memasarkan produk. Metode deskriptif dengan sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah total sampling. Pengambilan sampel sebanyak 95 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa opini member mengenai salesmanship sales, negotiating, relationship marketing sales Moka POS dalam memasarkan produk bisa dikatakan baik karena setiap produk Moka POS yang di tawarkan dapat di mengerti, cara melayani salesmanship sales, negotiating, relationship marketing terhadap konsumen baik sehingga konsumen pelaku usaha menjadi member dari aplikasi Moka POS tersebut.

Pengaruh Beban Pajak Tangguhan dan Perencanaan Pajak Terhadap Manajemen Laba

This study aims to examine the effect of deferred tax expense and tax planning on earnings management. This research is a quantitative study using secondary data from financial reports and annual reports of manufacturing companies sub-sector consumer good indutry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 until 2018. The sample selection uses a purposive sampling method. Data analysis techniques using multiple regression analysis with SPSS 23. The results of this study are the variable tax planning has a positive influence on earnings management. The variable deferred tax expense does not have a significant effect on earnings management because management has limitations in determining the amount of deffered tax expense.

EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT INNOVATION, TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING ON MARKET PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN CONSUMER GOODS COMPANY

Transformational leadership greatly influences the management innovation and market performance of consumer good companies enterprises. According to the survey data about 244 employees of consumer goods companies, an empirical study was conducted on the relationship between transformational leadership, management innovation, knowledge sharing, market performance of consumer good companies enterprises, and analysis was made on the mediating effect of management innovation and knowledge sharing. The results showed that knowledge sharing has no significant effect on the market performance of consumer goods companies. Management innovation has not a significant effect on the market performance of consumer goods companies. Transformational leadership has no significant effect on the knowledge sharing of consumer goods companies. Transformational leadership has a significant effect on management innovation of consumer goods. Transformational leadership has no significant positive effect on the market performance of consumer goods companies.

Evaluating Conscious Consumption: A Discussion of a Survey Development Process

This paper is the outcome of a course project for Economics of Sustainability (Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts). Facilitated and under the direction of the instructor, course participants designed a survey instrument where questions and responses were developed to be indicators of behavioral bias related to the environment. The consumer good targeted in the survey was convenience-based coffee consumption, and convenience was defined by the use of single-use disposable coffee cups. The discussion highlights the survey development process including literature review-based expectations specific to each question. The paper concludes with next steps, which involve the administration of the instrument and evaluation of the survey results.