Reconstruction of Three Dimensional City Model Based on LIDAR

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5648-5655
Author(s):  
Hui Lin ◽  
Ya Zhou Ji ◽  
Liang Liang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Zhao Ling Hu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Building Model ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Topography Model ◽  
City Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data ◽  
Acquisition Method

The research of Three Dimensional City Model (3DCM) has become a hot topic in GIS field in recent years, and it also has played an important role in traffic, land, mining, surveying and mapping, and other fields, especially in urban planning. However, the difficulty to acquire 3D data is the key obstacle to the further development of 3DCM. Airborne LIDAR, integrating GPS, INS and scanning laser rangefinder, can rapidly acquire the 3D position of ground by airplane, which is very economical, efficient and convenient to acquire 3D data. Because traditional three-dimensional data acquisition method can’t meet the need of the city’s fast development, airborne LIDAR technology is regarded as a convenient, swift, high-efficient three-dimensional data acquisition method. Compared with traditional methods, the airborne LIDAR technology has the following characteristics: 1) High efficiency: in 12 hours, the airborne LIDAR can scan 1000 square kilometers, next, with the help of the related post-processing software, LIDAR cloud data can transform them into GIS format or other receivable format in certain automatic or semiautomatic mode. 2) High precision: because the pulse of laser light isn’t easily subject to shadow and solar angle, it greatly improves the data quality. The flight height limit has no influence on its elevation data precision, which is superior to the conventional photogrammetry. The plane precision may achieve 0.15 to 1 meter, the elevation precision may achieve 10 centimeters. 3) All-weather feature: airborne LIDAR is active remote sensing without considering the digital aerial photogrammetry. 4) Rich information: with the aid of airborne LIDAR ,we can obtains not only the three dimensional coordinate of ground point, but also the three dimensional coordinate of terrain details, such as trees, buildings, roads. If it is integrated with CCD, it could gains image information. We acquired the airborne LIDAR data of 20 square kilometers in the central area of Shanghai using ALTM3100 airborne LIDAR system of the Optech company in 2006.This paper introduces the data processing procedure of the airborne LIDAR data, LIDAR system uses random commercial software to process plane GPS tracking data、plane attitude data、 laser ranging data and the swinging angle data of laser scanning mirror, finally, obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates(X,Y,Z) data of various surveying points. Which three-dimensional discrete dot matrix data is without attribute suspending in the air namely LIDAR original data, named “point cloud”. LIDAR data performs pre-processing to obtain digital surface model (DSM), which is classified and extracted, we acquire topography and object related to modeling, preparing for three-dimensional city model. Data pre-processing includes abnormal point deletion, coordinate transformation and flight strip combination. At present, we used famous business software TerraSolid, developed by Company of Finland to realize the classification and extraction from the LIDAR data TerraSolid depends on MicroStation platform, on the basis of classification and extraction algorithms presented by Axelsson, et al. of Swedish, including a lot of module such as TerraScan, TerraModeler and TerraPhoto. TerraScan is used in the field of LIDAR data classification and extraction, TerraModeler is used for producing and dealing with various planes, TerraPhoto is used for dealing with the primitive image, topography model and building model are got by using this software, complicated artificial building (Oriental Pearl, Jin Mao mansion etc.) need artificial repair and disposal, data processing of 20 sq. km. takes more than one month, efficiency has been improved greatly on the premise of guaranteeing the precision. Topography model and building model can be obtained by using TerraSolid and combining a few manual intervention based on DSM, The topography model is expressed with the triangulated irregular network (TIN), the building model is expressed with 3ds format, three dimensional model of non - texture of Lujiazui region of Shanghai was gained by LIDAR data. In order to achieving better visualization effect, the topography model overlaps orthophoto, and stuck true texture to building model, true city landscape of Lujiazui region of Shanghai is established. This paper has introduce post-processing procedure of airborne LIDAR data systematically, has realized the fast reconstruction of three-dimension urban model based on LIDAR data, enable this technology to serve the information construction of the city better.

scholarly journals FOREST SPECIES CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL COORDINATE AND INTENSITY INFORMATION OF AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA WITH RANDOM FOREST METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W10 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
H. T. You ◽  
P. Lei ◽  
M. S. Li ◽  
F. Q. Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Intensity Information ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

Abstract. Forest species is a basic parameter of forest ecosystem. The accurate identification of forest species can not only improve the estimation accuracy of other forest structural parameters, but also have important significance for forest resource monitoring and management. As an active remote sensing technology, the LiDAR could not only acquire the three-dimensional coordinate information of the object, but also acquire the intensity information. The airborne LiDAR data have been successfully used in forest species classification research. However, most of the research is based on the three-dimensional coordinate information of LiDAR data. It's fact that the parameters derived from the intensity data are closely related to the spectral reflection of forest species and could be beneficial for forest species classification, but the research with LiDAR intensity data is fewer. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the potential of LiDAR intensity data on forest species classification and test if the combined application of the three-dimensional coordinate and intensity information can improve the forest species classification accuracy. In this paper, the Moon Lake National Forest Park located in Changchun is selected as the study area, which planted with Scotch pine, Larch pine, Mongolian oak, aspen and other tree species. Two kinds of parameters are separately derived from the three-dimensional coordinate and intensity information of airborne LiDAR data. Then Random Forest is used to classify the forest species based on the above parameters. The main purposes of this study are: (1) to test if the parameters derived from the three-dimensional coordinate information of LiDAR data can be used to identify the forest species; (2) to test if the parameters derived from the intensity information of LiDAR data can be used to identify the forest species; (3) to test if the combined application of the three-dimensional coordinate and the intensity information can improve the accuracy of forest tree species identification. It was found that the classification accuracy of forest species based on structural parameters derived from the three-dimensional coordinate information was 87.54% and Kappa coefficient was 0.81. The classification accuracy based on the parameters derived from LiDAR intensity information was 89.23% and Kappa coefficient was 0.83. And the classification accuracy based on three-dimensional coordinate and intensity information was 92.35% and Kappa coefficient was 0.88. The results demonstrated that both the parameters derived from LiDAR three-dimensional coordinate and intensity information can identify forest species. The results based on LiDAR intensity information are better than that of three-dimensional coordinate information. And the combined application of the two information can improve the classification accuracy of forest species. Therefore, further research should make use of the three-dimensional coordinates and intensity information of LiDAR data to improve the accuracy of results.

scholarly journals INTEGRATING SMARTPHONE IMAGES AND AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA FOR COMPLETE URBAN BUILDING MODELLING

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenman Zhang ◽  
Jie Shan ◽  
Zhichao Zhang ◽  
Jixing Yan ◽  
Yaolin Hou
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Single Data ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data ◽  
Building Reconstruction

A complete building model reconstruction needs data collected from both air and ground. The former often has sparse coverage on building façades, while the latter usually is unable to observe the building rooftops. Attempting to solve the missing data issues in building reconstruction from single data source, we describe an approach for complete building reconstruction that integrates airborne LiDAR data and ground smartphone imagery. First, by taking advantages of GPS and digital compass information embedded in the image metadata of smartphones, we are able to find airborne LiDAR point clouds for the corresponding buildings in the images. In the next step, Structure-from-Motion and dense multi-view stereo algorithms are applied to generate building point cloud from multiple ground images. The third step extracts building outlines respectively from the LiDAR point cloud and the ground image point cloud. An automated correspondence between these two sets of building outlines allows us to achieve a precise registration and combination of the two point clouds, which ultimately results in a complete and full resolution building model. The developed approach overcomes the problem of sparse points on building façades in airborne LiDAR and the deficiency of rooftops in ground images such that the merits of both datasets are utilized.

scholarly journals INTEGRATING SMARTPHONE IMAGES AND AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA FOR COMPLETE URBAN BUILDING MODELLING

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenman Zhang ◽  
Jie Shan ◽  
Zhichao Zhang ◽  
Jixing Yan ◽  
Yaolin Hou
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Single Data ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data ◽  
Building Reconstruction

A complete building model reconstruction needs data collected from both air and ground. The former often has sparse coverage on building façades, while the latter usually is unable to observe the building rooftops. Attempting to solve the missing data issues in building reconstruction from single data source, we describe an approach for complete building reconstruction that integrates airborne LiDAR data and ground smartphone imagery. First, by taking advantages of GPS and digital compass information embedded in the image metadata of smartphones, we are able to find airborne LiDAR point clouds for the corresponding buildings in the images. In the next step, Structure-from-Motion and dense multi-view stereo algorithms are applied to generate building point cloud from multiple ground images. The third step extracts building outlines respectively from the LiDAR point cloud and the ground image point cloud. An automated correspondence between these two sets of building outlines allows us to achieve a precise registration and combination of the two point clouds, which ultimately results in a complete and full resolution building model. The developed approach overcomes the problem of sparse points on building façades in airborne LiDAR and the deficiency of rooftops in ground images such that the merits of both datasets are utilized.

scholarly journals Parameter-Free Half-Spaces Based 3D Building Reconstruction Using Ground and Segmented Building Points from Airborne LiDAR Data with 2D Outlines

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4430
Author(s):  
Marko Bizjak ◽  
Borut Žalik ◽  
Niko Lukač
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Building Models ◽  
3D Building Model ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Building Level ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

This paper aims to automatically reconstruct 3D building models on a large scale using a new approach on the basis of half-spaces, while making no assumptions about the building layout and keeping the number of input parameters to a minimum. The proposed algorithm is performed in two stages. First, the airborne LiDAR data and buildings’ outlines are preprocessed to generate buildings’ base models and the corresponding half-spaces. In the second stage, the half-spaces are analysed and used for shaping the final 3D building model using 3D Boolean operations. In experiments, the proposed algorithm was applied on a large scale, and its’ performance was inspected on a city level and on a single building level. Accurate reconstruction of buildings with various layouts were demonstrated and limitations were identified for large-scale applications. Finally, the proposed algorithm was validated on an ISPRS benchmark dataset, where a RMSE of 1.31 m and completeness of 98.9 % were obtained.

scholarly journals COMBINED MULTIPLE CLASSIFIED DATASETS CLASSIFICATION APPROACH FOR POINT CLOUD LIDAR DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol IV-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
N. El-Ashmawy ◽  
A. Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Information Extraction ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Flight Trajectories ◽  
Data Layers ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Airborne Laser scanners using the Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) technology is a powerful tool for 3D data acquisition that records the backscattered energy as well. LiDAR has been successfully used in various applications including 3D modelling, feature extraction, and land cover information extraction. Airborne LiDAR data are usually acquired from different flight trajectories producing data in different strips with significant overlapped areas. Combining these data is required to get benefit of the multiple strips’ data that acquired from different trajectories. This paper introduces an approach called CMCD “Combined Multiple Classified Datasets” to maximize the benefits of the multiple LiDAR strips’ data in land cover information extraction. This approach relies on classifying each strip data then combining the results based on the <i>a posteriori</i> probability of each class of the classified data and the position of the classified points.</p><p>Two datasets from different overlapped areas are selected to test the proposed CMCD approach; both are captured from different flight trajectories. A comparison has been conducted between the CMCD results and the results of the common merging data approaches. The results indicated that the classification accuracy of the proposed CMCD approach has improved the classification accuracy of the merged data-layers by 6% and 10% for the two datasets.</p>

Simulating and Mapping the Variations of Solar Radiation at the Lujiazui Region of Shanghai Using Airborne LiDAR Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ming Hu ◽  
Jian Ping Wu ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Song Shu ◽  
Bai Lang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Flux Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

This study utilizes high resolution airborne LiDAR data and topographic solar radiation model to quantify the impacts of three-dimensional morphology on the spatio-temporal variations of solar radiation at the Lujiazui Region, Shanghai, China. Monthly direct and non-direct (diffuse and reflection) plus seasonal total solar radiation distributions are simulated and mapped by using a radiation flux model. The results show that the crowded buildings at the Lujiazui Region have severely changed the spatial pattern of solar radiation intensity and duration. The derived monthly and seasonal solar radiation maps would benefit the understanding of the impacts of urban 3D morphology on the environmental factors and be the scientific basic for the further research.

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