Preparation and Properties of Amide Surfactants

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Bao Cai Xu ◽  
Gui Ju Zhang ◽  
Yun Xia Li ◽  
Lu Cui
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Equilibrium Surface ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Lipophilic Groups ◽  
Long Chain

Amide surfactants have modified structures with lipophilic groups connecting hydrophilic groups through amido bond. The preparation of three families of amide surfactants including long chain N-acyl sarcosinates, amidopropyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaines and lauryl amidopropyl trimethyl ammoniums were discussed. The study of the surface activity of these compounds by measuring the equilibrium surface tensions of their dilute aqueous solutions were described. The minimum surface tension and the critical micelle concentration values of these compounds are given.

Surface Activity Research of Cationic Gemini Surfactants

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2076-2080
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhong Fan ◽  
Lan Lan Li ◽  
Li Feng Zhang ◽  
Qing Wang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Cationic Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Gemini Surfactants

Cationic Gemini surfactant concentration, the inorganic salts added and the pH value of surface tension obtained cationic gemini surfactant critical micelle concentration is 0.4mmol / L;by adding three kinds of inorganic salts NaCl, MgCl2, and Na2SO4 ,which Na2SO4 has the greatest impact on surface tension, followed by MgCl2.The surface minimum tension of the pH ranged from 9 to 11 , indicating that the surface activity of cationic gemini surfactants achieved the highest.

Synthesis of Chelating Surfactant and its Application in Silk Degumming

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 245-248
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Xi Tao Sun ◽  
Xiang Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Degumming Agent

Ethanediyl-N-hexadecyl-tri(sodium α-glycinate) (N-hexadecyl ED3A), which belongs to the chelating surfactants, was synthesized by three-step reactions in this study. The structure of the product was characterized by IR. The surface activity and the properties of N-hexadecyl ED3A as degumming agent were investigated. The IR spectra showed the characteristic bands corresponding to the stretching vibration of C-N, -COONa, and C-H groups. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of N-hexadecyl ED3A was 0.249mmol•L-1, and the surface tension at the cmc (γcmc) of it was 33.03mN•m-1. This revealed that the surfactant had fairly low cmc and excellent surface activity. Lower dosage of N-hexadecyl ED3A showed as good result as the conventional soap in silk degumming process, and the degumming result was also excellent without adding the chelating dispersant.

Dynamic surface tension of xylem sap lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Yang ◽  
Joseph M Michaud ◽  
Steven Jansen ◽  
H Jochen Schenk ◽  
Yi Y Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Dynamic Surface Tension ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Local Surface ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Equilibrium Surface ◽  
Pit Membrane

Abstract The surface tension of xylem sap has been traditionally assumed to be close to that of the pure water because decreasing surface tension is thought to increase vulnerability to air seeding and embolism. However, xylem sap contains insoluble lipid-based surfactants, which also coat vessel and pit membrane surfaces, where gas bubbles can enter xylem under negative pressure in the process known as air seeding. Because of the insolubility of amphiphilic lipids, the surface tension influencing air seeding in pit pores is not the equilibrium surface tension of extracted bulk sap but the local surface tension at gas–liquid interfaces, which depends dynamically on the local concentration of lipids per surface area. To estimate the dynamic surface tension in lipid layers that line surfaces in the xylem apoplast, we studied the time-dependent and surface area-regulated surface tensions of apoplastic lipids extracted from xylem sap of four woody angiosperm plants using constrained drop surfactometry. Xylem lipids were found to demonstrate potent surface activity, with surface tensions reaching an equilibrium at ~25 mN m-1 and varying between a minimum of 19 mN m-1 and a maximum of 68 mN m-1 when changing the surface area between 50 and 160% around the equilibrium surface area. It is concluded that xylem lipid films in natural conditions most likely range from nonequilibrium metastable conditions of a supersaturated compression state to an undersaturated expansion state, depending on the local surface areas of gas–liquid interfaces. Together with findings that maximum pore constrictions in angiosperm pit membranes are much smaller than previously assumed, low dynamic surface tension in xylem turns out to be entirely compatible with the cohesion–tension and air-seeding theories, as well as with the existence of lipid-coated nanobubbles in xylem sap, and with the range of vulnerabilities to embolism observed in plants.

Dynamic and equilibrium surface tensions of surfactin aqueous solutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hary Razafindralambo ◽  
Philippe Thonart ◽  
Michel Paquox
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Equilibrium Surface

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Class of Zwitterionic Fluorocarbon Surfactants Based on Perfluorobutyl

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Xuhong Jia ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Xiaoguang Yang ◽  
Wan Tao ◽  
Xinhua Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Fluorocarbon Chain ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its derivatives had been banned due to their potential environmental hazards, although they possessed excellent surface activity. An effective method to solve this problem was to shorten the fluorocarbon chain of these surfactants from C°H17 to C4F9. As previous studies had shown, zwitterionic surfactants possess higher surface activity but have lower toxicity compared to other types of surfactants. In view of this, a class of novel zwitterionic fluorocarbon surfactants (n-CFNA-Br) with perfluorobutyl moiety was synthesized in this work. Their structures were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR and MS. The results showed that all synthesized n-CFNA-Br had almost the same minimum surface tension, but their critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased with increasing length of hydrophobic carbon chain. In pure water, the surface tension at the CMC (γCMC) of the four n-CFNA-Br were about 20 mN/m, and the CMC values were 7.73 mmol/L for 1-CFNA-Br, 4.70 mmol/L for 2-CFNA-Br, 4.13 mmol/L for 3-CFNA-Br, and 3.36 mmol/L for 4-CFNA-Br, indicating high efficiency and effectiveness. In 0.1 mol/L NaCl, the CMC values reduced to less than half of the CMC values measured in the pure aqueous surfactant solution, while the surface tensions γCMC remained almost unchanged, indicating good salinity tolerance of the synthesized surfactants. The acidic surfactant solutions exhibited similar CMC values to the saline solutions, but the surface tension γCMC increased slightly to 25 mN/m. However, further investigation showed that the n-CFNA-Br surfactants exhibited poor surface activity in alkaline solution (0.1 mol/L NaOH). In the pH range of 6.6 to 10.4, white precipitates appeared in the surfactant solutions after some time, indicating that the n-CFNA-Br are not suitable for use in alkaline systems with pH greater than 6.6.

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