Synthesis of Biodiesel from Neem Oil Using Mg-Al Nano Hydrotalcite

Abstract Methyl ester of fatty acids, derived from vegetable oils or animal fats are known as biodiesel. The most common method of biodiesel production is transesterification (alcoholysis) of oil (triglycerides) with methanol in the presence of a catalyst which gives biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) and glycerol (by product). In this work, an environmentally benign process for the methanolysis of neem oil to methyl esters using Mg–Al nano hydrotalcites as solid base catalysts in a heterogeneous manner was developed. The effect of the reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount, and methanol /oil molar ratio on the Mg-Al nano hydrotalcite was analyzed. The nano catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM). Biodiesel produced from the neem oil by using Mg-Al nano hydrotalcite catalyst was analyzed by gas chromatography.

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Environmentally Benign Neem Biodiesel Synthesis Using Nano-Zn-Mg-Al Hydrotalcite as Solid Base Catalysts

Journal of Catalysts ◽

10.1155/2014/326575 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Karthikeyan Chelladurai ◽

Manivannan Rajamanickam

Keyword(s):

Methyl Esters ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Solid Base ◽

Synthetic Compound ◽

Solid Base Catalysts ◽

Base Catalysts ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis

Hydrotalcite, also known as aluminum-magnesium layered double hydroxide (LDH) or anionic clay, is a synthetic compound that was broadly investigated in the past decade due to its many potential applications. In this work, we present an environmentally benign process for the transesterification (methanolysis) of neem oil to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using Zn-Mg-Al hydrotalcites as solid base catalysts in a heterogeneous manner. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TPD-CO2, and the BET surface area analysis. It is well-known that the catalytic performance of hydrotalcite is dramatically increased through the incorporation of Zn into the surface of Mg-Al hydrotalcite material. The optimized parameters, 10 : 1 methanol/oil molar ratio with 7.5 g catalysts reacted under stirring speed 450 rpm at 65°C for 4 h reaction, gave a maximum ester conversion of 90.5% for the sample with Zn-Mg-Al ratio of 3 : 3 : 1.

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Investigation of solid base catalysts for biodiesel production from fish oil

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 139 ◽

pp. 661-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Despoina Papargyriou ◽

Emmanouil Broumidis ◽

Matthew de Vere-Tucker ◽

Stelios Gavrielides ◽

Paul Hilditch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Solid Base ◽

Solid Base Catalysts ◽

Base Catalysts

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Utilization of Carbide Lime Waste as Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23092 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.35) ◽

pp. 700 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koguleshun Subramaniam ◽

Sasidevan Munusamy ◽

Fei-ling Pua ◽

Mohd Aizat Mohd Nasir ◽

Rohaya Othman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ester Group ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Strength Analysis ◽

Solid Base ◽

Base Catalyst ◽

Solid Base Catalyst ◽

X Ray ◽

Solid Base Catalysts ◽

Base Catalysts

Calcium rich solid base catalyst was synthesized from local waste carbide lime and its catalytic performance was evaluated via biodiesel production. Carbide lime waste was used to produce CLW-I and CLW-II solid base catalyst using different preparation methods. Characterization including base strength analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were investigated. Catalytic strength was examined by deploying the solid base catalysts for transesterification reaction of palm oil. Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) was used to analyze the presence of ester group in biodiesel. The yield of biodiesel conversion was calculated based on the mass of biodiesel and glycerol. The highest biodiesel conversion rate of 75.30% was achieved by CLW-I solid base catalyst at 9% loading. The good catalytic performance of carbide lime waste derived solid base catalysts proves that it has high potential to replace the usage of conventional catalyst in the biodiesel industry.

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Activated MgAl-layered double hydroxide as solid base catalysts for the conversion of fatty acid methyl esters to monoethanolamides

Applied Catalysis A General ◽

10.1016/j.apcata.2011.03.042 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 399 (1-2) ◽

pp. 87-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Xiaodong Lei ◽

Wei Lu ◽

Qing Peng ◽

Haiyan Li ◽

Tao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Layered Double Hydroxide ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Solid Base ◽

Solid Base Catalysts ◽

Base Catalysts ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Double Hydroxide

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A facile synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate: Ceria based catalysts

Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society ◽

10.29356/jmcs.v62i4.859 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Venkatesh Venkatesh ◽

Mohamed Shamshuddin Sathgatta Zaheeruddin ◽

Pratap Srinivasa Raghavendra

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Carbonate ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Solid Base ◽

Glycerol Carbonate ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Icp Oes ◽

Facile Synthesis ◽

Solid Base Catalysts ◽

Base Catalysts ◽

Ft Ir

Abstract. Solid base catalysts such as Ceria-Zirconia-Magnesia with different mole ratio of magnesium were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by CO2-TPD, PXRD, FT-IR and ICP-OES analysis. The catalytic activity of the catalysts was tested in the liquid phase transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to synthesise glycerol carbonate. Optimization of reaction condition was carried out by varying the molar ratio of the reactants, temperature and time. The highest yield (97 %) of glycerol carbonate was obtained at a reactant molar ratio of 1:3 at 120 °C in 6 h. Study of reusability and reactivation of solid base catalyst was also taken up. A suitable base catalysed mechanism for the formation of glycerol carbonate is proposed.Resumen. Se prepararon catalizadores de base sólida como Ceria-Zirconia-Magnesia con diferentes proporciones molares de magnesio mediante el método de impregnación y se caracterizaron por análisis de CO2-TPD, PXRD, FT-IR e ICP-OES. La actividad catalítica de los catalizadores se probó en la transesterificación en fase líquida de glicerol con carbonato de dimetilo para sintetizar carbonato de glicerol. La optimización de las condiciones de reacción se llevó a cabo variando la relación molar de los reactivos, la temperatura y el tiempo. El mayor rendimiento (97 %) de carbonato de glicerol se obtuvo a una relación molar reactiva de 1:3 a 120 °C en 6 h. También se realizó un estudio de la reutilización y reactivación del catalizador de base sólida. Se propone un mecanismo catalítico básico adecuado para la formación de carbonato de glicerol.

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Experiment Study on Biodiesel Produced from Soybean Oil by Solid Base Catalysts

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.641 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 641-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Feng Xian Ma ◽

Jing Xia Li

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Solid Base ◽

Base Catalyst ◽

Solid Base Catalyst ◽

Solid Base Catalysts ◽

Base Catalysts ◽

Ester Exchange ◽

Ester Exchange Reaction

In this paper, biodiesel is successfully produced by the ester exchange reaction with solid base catalyst of K2O/Ti-HMS based on soybean oil as raw materials. The result of which shows that K2O/Ti-HMS has good ester exchange activity as solid base catalyst and the catalyst easily is separated from products. By single factor experiment, the influence of K2O load, molar ratio of methanol and oil and catalyst dosage on the biodiesel conversion rate is researched and the optimal relationship between the above parameters is obtained.

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