lithium carbonate
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badar Minhas ◽  
Sahib Dino ◽  
Luyao Huang ◽  
Dequan Wu

The fast leaching and robust barrier property of inhibitors are the basic fundamentals for the formation of active protective coatings to protect aluminum alloys. Herein, an active protective surface was developed based on an epoxy coating and an underlying lithium carbonate (Li2CO3)-treated anodized aluminum alloy 2024-T3. The morphology of the Li-LDH layer was studied to know its formation mechanism. The electrochemical studies revealed that the fast and adequate leaching of lithium led to a substantial increment of corrosion resistance of the scratched coating in 3.5 wt% NaCl from 1 to 8 days. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) results indicated that Li was distributed in the lateral direction and covered the scratched area. The 3D images indicated that different lithium compounds were formed and 90% of the scratched area was covered with the lithium protective layer over immersion time. A combined approach of morphology observations, electrochemical measurements, and ToF-SIMS showed the lithium protective layer offered good corrosion resistance. On the contrary, lithium provided fast and adequate leaching from the coating, demonstrating good active protection for aluminum and its alloys.


Author(s):  
Shen Wang ◽  
Xiaokang Pei ◽  
Yong Luo ◽  
Guangwen Chu ◽  
Haikui Zou ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Софья Михайловна Маслобоева

Проведен анализ известных методов синтеза шихты ниобата лития, легированной бором, которая используется при выращивании монокристаллов высокого оптического качества методом Чохральского. Установлено, что способ гомогенного легирования (шихта получается из прекурсора NbO :B и LiCO) по сравнению с твердофазным (шихта получается из смеси LiCO: NbO : HBO ) позволяет выращивать кристаллы LiNbO: B с более однородным распределением в них примеси бора, а также в объеме расплава, при этом упрощаются технологические режимы, устанавливаемые при росте кристаллов. В работе впервые рассмотрен жидкофазный метод синтеза шихты, исключающий стадию прокалки гомогенизированной смеси пентаоксида ниобия и карбоната лития. Результаты имеют важное значение при выборе технологии выращивания легированных бором монокристаллов ниобата лития для конкретных областей техники. Known methods of a boron doped lithium niobate charge synthesis were analyzed. Such a charge is applied for the growth by Czochralski of single crystals with high optical quality. Homogeneous doping (the charge is obtained from precursor NbO:B and LiCO) was compared with solid phase doping (the charge is obtained from the mixture LiCO: NbO: HBO). Homogeneous doping was determined to help produce LiNbO: B crystals with a more uniform distribution of a boron dopant, boron distributes more uniform in the melt volume; technological regimes established during crystal growth become easier. For the first time the paper considers liquid-phase charge synthesis method; the method excludes the stage of annealing of homogenized mixture of niobium pentoxide and lithium carbonate. Results are crucial for the choice of technology at growing of boron doped lithium niobate crystals for exact areas of technics.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Eliana G. Pinna ◽  
Norman Toro ◽  
Sandra Gallegos ◽  
Mario H. Rodriguez

In this work, a recycling route for spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs) was developed. For this, the recovery of the metal content in both electrodes (anode and cathode) was investigated. Based on these results, an economic analysis of this recycling process was carried out. The obtained results showed that more than 90% of the material contained in both electrodes was recycled. The dissolution with acetic acid of the metals present in the active cathodic material is thermodynamically viable and the addition of a reducing agent such as hydrogen peroxide improved the spontaneity of the reaction. Dissolutions close to 100% for Li and Co were obtained. In addition, it was determined that the synthesis of lithium and cobalt valuable compounds was viable from the leach liquor, recovering approximately 90% of Co as cobalt oxalate, and 92% of Li as lithium carbonate. Furthermore, carbon graphite and Cu were fully recovered (100%) from the anodes. Finally, the results of the economic analysis showed that the recovered products have a high commercial value and industrial interest, providing an environmentally and economically viable process.


2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Akbarzadeh ◽  
Maryam Zolfaghari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Fayyazi Bordbar ◽  
Maliheh Dadgar Moghaddam ◽  
Maliheh Ziaee ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3292-3293
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Zaffar Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Rana M. Asad Khan

Background: The human thyroid gland is located in the front of neck. It consists of two lobes. The two lobes are joined with each other by isthmus. The mood stabilizer Lithium Caronate has deleterious effects on the thyroid gland. Aim: To observe and report the data of the harmful effect of Lithium on the weight changes of thyroid gland. Methods: Sixteen rats were selected for this experimental study. The rodents were divided into two groups. Group A comprised of eight animals which were given laboratory diet, Group B contained eight albinos who were given Tablet Lithium Carbonate in powder form at a dose of 60 mg/day for four weeks. After completion of the study time animals were sacrificed and thyroid gland weight were recorded and compared in both groups. Results: The results in both groups were recorded and compared .It was reported that Group B animals had a highly significantly decreased thyroid weight after four weeks Lithium ingestion than Group A control group. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that Lithium Carbonate damages thyroid glandular tissue and causes its weight to decline. Key words: Thyroid gland, Isthmus, deteriorating


2021 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
T. M. Ostroumova ◽  
O. D. Ostroumova ◽  
A. S. Soloveva

Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is one of the most frequent extrapyramidal disorders that develops against the background of prescribing a large number of medications. Initially, DIP was described as an adverse drug reactions (ADRs) against the background of the use of antipsychotic drugs, but later recognized as ADRs of a number of other drugs, including prokinetics, antidepressants, calcium channel blockers and antiepileptic drugs. The relative risk of developing LIP on the background of taking typical antipsychotics increased by 2.92 times compared to patients who do not take these drugs. The risk of developing DIP in patients receiving flunarizine is increased by 2.75-4.07 times. The risk of DIP with the use of antidepressants is increased by 2.14 times, among the drugs of this group with an increased risk of DIP, the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is most often associated with DIP (relative risk 1.24). Among other antidepressants, there is evidence of the development of DIP against the background of the use of duloxetine, mirtazapine, amitriptyll clomipramine, venlafaxine, trazodone. Among anticonvulsants, DIP can rarely develop against the background of the appointment of valproic acid, gabapentin, pregabalin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine. The risk of DIP in patients receiving metoclopramide is extremely low (0.06%), but it is 2.16 times higher compared to people who do not take this drug. Among drugs from other groups, DIP can occur against the background of the use of lithium carbonate, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, amiodarone, captopril, amphotericin B. If DIP develops, it is necessary, if possible, to reduce the dose or cancel the inducer drug, or replace it with another drug with minimal risk of DIP. Symptoms of DIP most often regress within a few weeks or months after dose reduction or withdrawal of the drug inducer. If the symptoms persist longer, it is necessary to exclude the presence of Parkinson’s disease or dementia with with Lewy bodies.


Author(s):  
Shintaro Kamei ◽  
Ryota Tanaka ◽  
Hirofumi Hirakawa ◽  
Motoshi Iwao ◽  
Rikako Kawanaka ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Although clozapine is the optimal drug for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, the drug has harmful adverse effects such as leukopenia. Adenine and cepharanthine are known to be effective for radiation- or drug-induced leukopenia. Furthermore, ninjin-yoei-to, a Chinese herbal medicine, augments the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Thus, these drugs may be useful for clozapine-induced leukopenia. Case presentation A 21 years-old woman with schizophrenia was hospitalized for initiation of clozapine treatment. Despite concomitant use of adenine, cepharanthine, and lithium carbonate having activities of increasing leukocytes, a decrease in leukocyte counts occurred after the initiation of clozapine. Additional administration of ninjin-yoei-to increased leukocyte counts, which prevented the development of leukopenia. Conclusions This is the first case that concomitant use of adenine, cepharanthin, and ninjin-yoei-to exhibited the effectiveness of reversing the decrease in leukocytes caused by clozapine. Monitoring leukocyte counts and preventing leukopenia are essential for successful treatment with clozapine for refractory schizophrenia. These medicines may be a potential option for preventing clozapine-induced leukopenia.


Ionics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuchun Wang ◽  
Dongdong Ouyang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Xuemei Zhang ◽  
Qianrui Liu ◽  
...  

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