Nitrates Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking in Tubing Connections from Oil Well

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 1076-1081
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Gang Gao ◽  
Mao Xian Xiong ◽  
Nan Ji ◽  
Xin Hu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fracture Feature ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Electronic Microscope

The 110 Ksi tubing failed in use when reservoir acidification reconstruction and production testing were performed in an oil well, which were longitudinal cracking of coupling. Failure analysis was conducted on the coupling. The failure zone was studied by means of macroscopic analysis, metallographic, scanning electronic microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis etc. The results indicated that the failure of the coupling is caused by stress corrosion cracking (SCC). SCC initiated from the exterior surface of coupling and displayed the fracture feature of intergranular crack propagation. The corrosion products at the grain boundaries were found to be mainly some oxides. The failure was in connection with the completion fluid composition, which are mainly nitrates.

Effect of Long-Term Service Exposure on the Localized Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Type 347 Stainless Steel

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2612 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ravindranath ◽  
N. Tanoli ◽  
B. Al-Wakaa
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Degree Of Sensitization ◽  
Corrosion Susceptibility ◽  
Service Exposure

The paper presents the results of a study conducted on the effects of long-term service exposure of Type 347 stainless steel (SS) on the microstructure and corrosion susceptibility. The material subjected to the study was in service in a petroleum refinery as heater tube at 620°C for 31 years. The microscopic and x-ray diffraction studies of the service-exposed specimen revealed the precipitation of chromium-rich carbides along the grain boundaries. The microstructural changes that occurred as a result of service exposure affected the ductility and toughness of the alloy. The sensitization of the alloy was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation. The studies have indicated some degree of sensitization in the alloy. The service exposure resulted in a marginal increase in the susceptibility of Type 347 SS to pitting in environments containing NaCl and NaCl + H2S. Environments such as H2SO4 and K2S4O6 at the tested concentrations did not differentiate between service-exposed and solution annealed specimens for their corrosion susceptibility. Slow strain rate testing of Type 347 SS in both the service-exposed and solution annealed conditions showed susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking in environment containing NaCl + H2S, while the alloy did not show susceptibility to SCC in H2SO4 and K2S4O6. The long-term service exposure did not noticeably influence the SCC susceptibility of Type 347 SS under the tested conditions.

Qualification of Induction Heating Stress Improvement for Mitigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Hughes ◽  
T. P. Diaz ◽  
V. V. Pestanas
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Axial Loads ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

This paper describes the efforts toward qualification of induction heating stress improvement (IHSI) for mitigation of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) piping. The IHSI process, which is applied to piping after it is fully erected, produces compressive residual stresses on the pipe inside surface in the vicinity of the weld heat affected zone (HAZ). The creation of these compressive stresses has been confirmed by surface and through-wall strain gage and X-ray diffraction residual stress measurements on 4, 10, and 16-in. dia Schedule 80 welded and IHSI treated pipes. Confirmation of increased resistance to IGSCC due to the IHSI process has been accomplished by full-sized 4-in-dia pipe tests in General Electric’s Pipe Test Laboratory. The pipe test utilized an environment of oxygenated high-purity water at 288°C (550°F). Axial loads were applied which exceeded the material 288°C yield strength.

Fracture of the Leads of Integrated Circuits with TO Package

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 1009-1013
Author(s):  
Xiu Yun Yang ◽  
Ming Yu Jia ◽  
Qiao Yun Sun ◽  
Wen Qing Yao
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Kovar Alloy ◽  
Plating Layer ◽  
Metallurgical Microstructure

The Kovar alloy leads broke from two integrated circuits (ICs) with TO (Tin Outline) package. Through the metallurgical microstructure analysis, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis and fractography analysis, the failure mode of the leads was found to be stress-corrosion-cracking. After checking the whole plating process, it was found that the residual chloride ions resulted in stress-corrosion-cracking. The chloride ions were absorbed inside the residual organic containment below Ni-plating layer. And a corrective measure was proposed.

AMBRONZE 413

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Tin Bronze

Abstract AMBRONZE 413 is a copper-tin bronze recommended for plater's plates and electrical contact springs. It is relatively immune to stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Cu-201. Producer or source: Anaconda American Brass Company.

NICROFER 5716 HMoW

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Corrosion Pitting

Abstract NICROFER 5716 HMoW is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with tungsten and extremely low carbon and silicon contents. It has excellent resistance to crevice corrosion, pitting and stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-324. Producer or source: Vereingte Deutsche Metallwerke AG.

NAS 825

Alloy Digest ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

Abstract NAS 825 is a corrosion-resistant nickel alloy that has resistance to both oxidizing and reducing environments, and with 42% nickel, the alloy is very resistant to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-694. Producer or source: Nippon Yakin Kogyo Company Ltd.

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