Care of the Elderly Mechanically Ventilated Patient: Preserving the Fragile Environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Johanna K. Stiesmeyer

Caring for the elderly mechanically ventilated patient is a challenging and increasingly frequent clinical situation confronting critical nurses. The key complications and states to which the elderly patient is particularly susceptible are nosocomial pneumonia; congestive heart failure; malnutrition; reactions to medications, especially antibiotics, morphine sulfate, and Valium; changes in mental status, and pneumothorax. These can significantly contribute to multisystem deterioration. It is unclear which mode of ventilation is best for sustaining the patient during the course of illness or the weaning process. It is critical to recognize the assessment indicators of failed weaning. Paramount in this assessment are rapid shallow breaths, change in blood pressure of 20 mmHg, change in respiratory rate of more than 10 breaths per minute, tidal volume of less than 250 to 300 mL, a minute ventilation with an increase of 5 L/minute, and an oxygen saturation of less than 90% per pulse oximeter. Research in these areas is needed

Drugs ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement 4) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eurico Thomas Carvalho Filho

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 146045822110309
Author(s):  
Rudin Gjeka ◽  
Kirit Patel ◽  
Chandra Reddy ◽  
Nora Zetsche

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common diagnoses in the elderly United States Medicare (⩾ age 65) population. This patient population has a particularly high readmission rate, with one estimate of the 6-month readmission rate topping 40%. The rapid rise of mobile health (mHealth) presents a promising new pathway for reducing hospital readmissions of CHF, and, more generally, the management of chronic conditions. Using a randomized research design and a multivariate regression model, we evaluated the effectiveness of a hybrid mHealth model—the integration of remote patient monitoring with an applied health technology and digital disease management platform—on 45-day hospital readmissions for patients diagnosed with CHF. We find a 78% decrease in the likelihood of CHF hospital readmission for patients who were assigned to the digital disease management platform as compared to patients assigned to control.


2019 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
M.S. CHERNIAEVA ◽  
O.D. OSTROUMOVA

Высокая распространенность хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) в популяции пожилых пациентов наряду с устойчивым ро- стом численности пожилого населения как в России, так и в западных странах все больше привлекает внимание врачей к проблеме, связан- ной с ведением данного заболевания. Известно, что ведущим фактором риска развития ХСН является повышенное артериальное давление (АД) и большинство пациентов с ХСН имеют в анамнезе артериальную гипертонию (АГ), поэтому лечение пациентов пожилого возраста c АГ и ХСН является одним из важных направлений в профилактике прогрессирования ХСН, снижения количества госпитализаций и смерт- ности. Лечение АГ у пожилых имеет свои особенности, связанные с функциональным статусом пациентов и их способностью переносить лечение. В европейских рекомендациях (2018) пересмотрены целевые цифры АД при лечении АГ у пожилых, однако данные по целевым цифрам АД для лечения АГ у пациентов с ХСН опираются лишь на исследования, проводившиеся у больных без ХСН. Данные об оптималь- ном целевом уровне у пациентов с АГ и ХСН представлены в единичных исследованиях. В настоящей статье проанализирована взаимосвязь уровня АД и сердечно-сосудистых событий и смертности отдельно для пациентов с АГ и сердечной недостаточностью с низкой фракцией выброса левого желудочка и с сохраненной фракцией выброса левого желудочка. Результаты многих исследований показывают, что более низкий уровень систолического АД (120 мм рт. ст.) и диастолического АД (80 мм рт. ст.) ассоциирован с развитием неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий, особенно у пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью с низкой фракцией выброса левого желудочка.The high prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF) in the elderly patients, along with the steady growth of the elderly population, both in Russia and in Western countries, is increasingly attracting the attention of doctors to the problem associated with the management of this disease. It is known that the leading risk factor for CHF is high blood pressure (BP) and most patients with CHF have a history of hypertension (H), so the treatment of elderly patients with H and CHF is the major focus in the slowing CHF progression, reducing the heart failure hospitalisation and mortality. Treatment of hypertension in the elderly has some specific features associated with the functional status of patients and their ability to tolerate treatment. The European recommendations (2018) revised target blood pressure levels in the elderly patients, however, data on target blood pressure levels in patients with CHF are based only on studies conducted in patients without CHF, data on the optimal target blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension and CHF are presented in single studies. In this article we analyze the relationship between blood pressure levels and cardiovascular events and mortality separately for patients with hypertension and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and with preserved ejection fraction. Several studies show that lower systolic blood pressure (120 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (80 mm Hg) is associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular events, especially in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.


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