Cardiorenal Dysfunction

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Shawn Merhaut ◽  
Robin J. Trupp
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Acute Dialysis

Left ventricular dysfunction and renal dysfunction are common chronic conditions that frequently coexist in the same individual, and both are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Disorders in 1 organ generally lead to dysfunction in the other, and this bidirectional interaction serves as the pathophysiological basis for cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Until recently, CRS has been neither well defined nor well understood, making its diagnosis and treatment challenging for clinicians. This article presents the pathophysiology of CRS and the new classification for types of CRS, therapeutic interventions targeting CRS, and novel therapies on the basis of the 2010 Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative consensus conference recommendations.

scholarly journals Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4—Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Pateinakis ◽  
Aikaterini Papagianni
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

The term cardiorenal syndrome refers to the interaction between the heart and the kidney in disease and encompasses five distinct types according to the initial site affected and the acute or chronic nature of the injury. Type 4, or chronic renocardiac syndrome, involves the features of chronic renal disease (CKD) leading to cardiovascular injury. There is sufficient epidemiologic evidence linking CKD with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The underlying pathophysiology goes beyond the highly prevalent traditional cardiovascular risk burden affecting renal patients. It involves CKD-related factors, which lead to cardiac and vascular pathology, mainly left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and vascular calcification. Risk management should consider both traditional and CKD-related factors, while therapeutic interventions, apart from appearing underutilized, still await further confirmation from large trials.

scholarly journals Heart-Kidney Interaction: Epidemiology of Cardiorenal Syndromes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinna N. Cruz ◽  
Sean M. Bagshaw
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Health Resource ◽  
Health Resource Utilization ◽  
Acute Dialysis ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Cardiac and kidney diseases are common, increasingly encountered, and often coexist. Recently, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Working Group convened a consensus conference to develop a classification scheme for the CRS and for five discrete subtypes. These CRS subtypes likely share pathophysiologic mechanisms, however, also have distinguishing clinical features, in terms of precipitating events, risk identification, natural history, and outcomes. Knowledge of the epidemiology of heart-kidney interaction stratified by the proposed CRS subtypes is increasingly important for understanding the overall burden of disease for each CRS subtype, along with associated morbidity, mortality, and health resource utilization. Likewise, an understanding of the epidemiology of CRS is necessary for characterizing whether there exists important knowledge gaps and to aid in the design of clinical studies. This paper will provide a summary of the epidemiology of the cardiorenal syndrome and its subtypes.

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