SEMIOCHEMICAL-BASED COMMUNICATION IN INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IPS PINI (SAY) AND PITYOGENES KNECHTELI (SWAINE) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN LODGEPOLE PINE

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M. Poland ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competitive Displacement ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Cross Attraction

AbstractThe pine engraver, Ips pini Say, and Pityogenes knechteli Swaine often co-exist in lodgepole pine, Pinus contoita var. latifolia Engelmann. We tested the hypotheses that P. knechteli produces an attractive pheromone and that the attraction of P. knechteli and I. pint to conspecifics is inhibited by the presence of the other species. Pityogenes knechteli males and females were attracted to bolts infested with conspecific males and to bolts infested with I. pini males; however, there was no significant cross-attraction of I. pini males or females to bolts infested with P. knechteli males. Attraction of P. knechteli and I. pint males and females to bolts infested with conspecific males was not inhibited in the presence of bolts infested with males of the other bark beetle species. Pityogenes knechteli has no potential for competitive displacement of I. pini but may enhance the adverse effect of I. pini on the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins.

Responses of Ips pini (Say), Pityogenes knechteli Swaine and Associated Beetles (Coleoptera) to Host Monoterpenes in Stands of Lodgepole Pine

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Miller ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Pine Beetle

We conducted seven experiments in stands of mature lodgepole pine in southern British Columbia to elucidate the role of host volatiles in the semiochemical ecology of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), with particular reference to the behavioral responses of predators and competing species of bark beetles. Our results demonstrated that the attraction of Ips pini and the bark beetle predators Lasconotus complex LeConte (Colydiidae), Thanasimus undatulus (Say) (Cleridae) and a Corticeus sp. (Tenebrionidae) were increased by 3-carene. In contrast, attraction of the bark beetle Pityogenes knechteli Swaine (Scolytidae) to ipsdienol was interrupted by 3-carene and α-pinene. Attraction of L. complex to ipsdienol was increased by γ-terpinene, a compound attractive to the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Scolytidae). Terpinolene interrupted the attraction of I. pini to ipsdienol.

Competitive interactions between the mountain pine beetle and the pine engraver in lodgepole pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Rankin ◽  
J. H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Exploitation Competition ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

The pine engraver (PE), Ipspini (Say), often coexists with the mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonusponderosae Hopk., in lodgepole pine, Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm. The PE colonizes the upper bole, while the MPB infests the lower bole. We investigated the hypothesis that interspecific interactions between the PE and the MPB within trees can adversely affect MPB progeny production or survival. In lodgepole pine bark attacked by both species, PE and MPB emergence holes had a strong negative interrelationship, suggesting that high numbers of one species resulted in lower numbers of the other. In the laboratory, attacks by PEs on lodgepole pine logs resulted in significantly decreased numbers of MPB progeny, particularly when MPBs and PEs were allowed to attack logs simultaneously. Reductions in MPB progeny were 92.8 and 96.2% when the ratios of attacking beetles were 100 PE: 50 MPB per square metre and 200 PE: 50 MPB per square metre, respectively, compared with that in control logs with 50 MPB per square metre. In an August field experiment, pheromone-induced attack by the PE on trees just attacked by the MPB resulted in a 72.5% reduction in mean MPB progeny production compared with that in MPB-attacked control trees. Possible reasons for the reduced success of MPB when it and the PE coinhabit the same host may be exploitation competition, interference competition, or introduction of fungal competitors deleterious to the MPB. Induced infestation by PEs of MPB-infested trees may have the potential to reduce or control MPB populations.

Inoculation of lodgepole pine with four blue-stain fungi associated with mountain pine beetle, monitored by a heat pulse velocity (HPV) instrument

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yamaoka ◽  
R. H. Swanson ◽  
Y. Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Heat Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

In two separate experiments in the field, healthy 80-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) were inoculated with four blue-stain fungi that are associated with mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae Hopk.) and beetle-attacked trees. Inocula of Ophiostomaclavigerum (Robins.-Jeff. & Davids.) Harrington, O, huntii (Robins.-Jeff.) de Hoog & Scheffer, O. montium (Rumb.) von Arx, and O. minus (Hedge.) H. & P. Sydow were prepared on sawdust media. Inoculum was placed under the bark in two areas (8 × 5 cm each), one above the other, separated by a 15-cm space in which heat pulse velocity (HPV) sensors were installed. HPVs in the inoculated trees were monitored daily for 4 weeks. In sections inoculated with O. clavigerum, HPVs were significantly reduced 10 to 13 days after inoculation in both experiments. Sapwood under the inoculated area was visibly altered and colonized by the fungus. The other three fungi did not significantly reduce HPVs. These results proved the capability of O. clavigerum to colonize functional sapwood and stop sap flow within a short period of time and reconfirmed the importance of this fungus in the mortality of trees attacked by mountain pine beetle.

scholarly journals Pine engraver (Ips pini) Colonization of Logging Residues Created Using Alternative Slash Management Systems in Western Montana

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L. Six ◽  
Mark Vander Meer ◽  
Thomas H. DeLuca ◽  
Peter Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Pine Engraver

Abstract In this study, we observed effects of various slash treatments on pine engraver colonization. Five slash treatments (slash-free, chipped, small piles, large piles, scattered) were replicated five times at each of two sites, one consisting mainly of ponderosa pine and the other predominantly lodgepole pine. No pine engravers were found in slash-free or chipped slash treatments at either site. At the ponderosa pine site, significantly more pine engraver attacks and galleries were found in the scattered slash treatment than in small and large pile treatments. A significantly greater number of invertebrate natural enemies were also found in the scattered slash treatment, where they were approximately six to nine times as abundant as in the small pile and large pile treatments, respectively. No pine engravers were observed colonizing slash in the lodgepole pine treatments where slash was in an advanced stage of drying. At both sites, the use of a feller buncher–delimber during harvest increased the rate of drying of slash, reducing its suitability for pine engraver colonization. West. J. Appl. For. 17(2):96–100.

EMERGENCE OF IPS PINI AND HYLURGOPS POROSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FROM DUFF AT THE BASE OF LODGEPOLE PINES (PINACEAE) KILLED BY MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
D.A. Linton ◽  
T.L. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
Root Collar

Lodgepole pines, Pinus contorta var. contorta Engelmann, killed by mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, are often subsequently infested by other scolytid species (Safranyik et al. 1996). Ips pini (Say) breeds in the phloem region of the main bole and larger branches in areas not occupied by mountain pine beetle. Adults emerge in the fall and drop to overwinter in the duff near the bases of their brood trees (Safranyik et al. 1996). Hylurgops porosus (LeConte) infests lodgepole pine (Keen 1952; Bright 1976) stumps or severely weakened trees near the root collar and in large roots (Wood 1982). We examined the pattern of emergence of I. pini and H. porosus from the duff around infested trees to describe changes in density over distance from the trees.

IPSDIENOL AND LANIERONE INCREASE IPS PINI SAY (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ATTACK AND BROOD DENSITY IN LODGEPOLE PINE INFESTED BY MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
T.L. Shore ◽  
D.A. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

AbstractAttack and emergence of the engraver beetles Ips pini Say and I. latidens LeConte were measured in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) naturally attacked by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk., in 1991. Sample trees were baited with the Ips pheromones ipsdienol and lanierone 1 week and 3 weeks after attack by the mountain pine beetle and again the following spring to observe the effects of the timing of bait placement. The densities of attack, egg gallery length, emergence, and hibernation of Ips species were measured. Ips latidens did not attack either the baited or unbaked trees at breast height until the spring of 1992 and the relatively low emergence was not significantly different by treatments. Among the 1991 treatments, the densities at breast height (1.3 m) of I. pini attack, egg gallery length, adult emergence in the fall of 1991, and numbers of hibernating adults in the duff were all highest for the 3-week treatment and lowest for the unbaked treatment. Significantly higher densities of beetles emerged and hibernated in the duff on the north sides of trees. Ips pini emergence in late summer 1992 from trees additionally baited in spring 1992 was significantly higher than for trees baited only in fall 1991. The density and temporal distribution of the emergence of both Ips species is discussed in relation to that of the mountain pine beetle.

Frontalin interrupts attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to ipsdienol

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
High Release ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pine Beetle

The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), breeds in the phloem tissue of dead, dying, or downed pines, occasionally attacking standing live trees when populations build up to significant levels following logging activities or infestations by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Furniss and Carolin 1980). In British Columbia, I. pini uses ipsdienol as an aggregation pheromone to facilitate large aggregations of mated beetles and breeding galleries (Miller et al. 1996). The aggregation pheromones, exo-brevicomin and cis- and trans-verbenol, used by D. ponderosae (Borden et al. 1987; Miller and Lafontaine 1991) interrupt attraction of I. pini to ipsdienol (Miller 1991). Another semiochemical, frontalin, is used by D. ponderosae as a multifunctional pheromone (Borden et al. 1987), enhancing attraction of beetles at low release rates and interrupting attraction at high release rates. I tested the effect of frontalin, over a broad range of release rates, on the attraction of I. pini to ipsdienol-baited traps.

Forest structure altered by mountain pine beetle outbreaks affects subsequent attack in a Wyoming lodgepole pine forest, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2403-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Kashian ◽  
Rebecca M. Jackson ◽  
Heather D. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
The 1960S

Extensive outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) will alter the structure of many stands that will likely be attacked again before experiencing a stand-replacing fire. We examined a stand of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) in Grand Teton National Park currently experiencing a moderate-level outbreak and previously attacked by mountain pine beetle in the 1960s. Consistent with published studies, tree diameter was the main predictor of beetle attack on a given tree, large trees were preferentially attacked, and tree vigor, age, and cone production were unimportant variables for beetle attack at epidemic levels. Small trees killed in the stand were killed based mainly on their proximity to large trees and were likely spatially aggregated with large trees as a result of the previous outbreak. We concluded that the driving factors of beetle attack and their spatial patterns are consistent across outbreak severities but that stand structure altered by the previous outbreak had implications for the current outbreaks in the same location. This study should catalyze additional research that examines how beetle-altered stand structure affects future outbreaks — an important priority for predicting their impacts under climate change scenarios that project increases in outbreak frequency and extent.

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