Influence of diet on development and oviposition of Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Berleur ◽  
Jean Gingras ◽  
Jean-Claude Tourneur
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
European Earwig ◽  
Preference Tests ◽  
Daylight Period ◽  
Better Than

In North America, the life cycle of the European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.) can be divided into a nesting phase (hypogean phase) and a free-foraging phase (epigean phase) (Crumb et al. 1941; Behura 1956; Lamb and Wellington 1975). Adults spend the nesting phase in the soil; females burrow into the ground at the onset of the cold weather, lay eggs, and then care for the eggs. Hatching occurs in spring; first- or second-instar nymphs move to the soil surface for the free-foraging period. The earwig, a nocturnal insect, spends the entire daylight period of hiding under trash or in dark crevices. Where two broods occur, females reenter the ground a second time (Lamb and Wellington 1975). Stomach content analyses (Crumb et al. 1941; Sunderland and Vickerman 1980) and food preference tests (McLeod and Chant 1952; Buxton and Madge 1976) revealed that the European earwig is omnivorous. Under laboratory conditions, nymphs fed freshly frozen aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), survive better than those fed green algae or carrots, develop faster, and produce heavier females (Phillips 1981; Carrillo 1985).

Molecular and Reproductive Characterization of Sibling Species in the European Earwig (Forficula auricularia)

Evolution ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Wirth ◽  
Rene Le Guellec ◽  
Michel Vancassel ◽  
Michel Veuille
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
European Earwig

Note on Control of the European Earwig, Forficula auricularia L., in Newfoundland With Traps and Attractants

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
Set Up ◽  
European Earwig

In a test at St. John's from 20 August to 9 September 1964, grooved-board traps captured more specimens of the Eluropean earwig, Forficula auricularia L., than pitfall traps containing attractants. On 19 August two replicates of one grooved-board and eight Legner traps (Fig. 1) containing bran flakes plus an attractant were set up on a city lot. The Legner traps were set in the soil so that their tops were level with the surface. They were protected from rain by a 12 in. × 12 in. board held in position over the opening by short legs at the four corners. The attractants used were: peanut butter, cod oil, sugar, molasses, honey and macerated earwigs. The traps were attended from 21 August to 9 September and all earwigs removed daily and counted in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Climate, human influence and the distribution limits of the invasive European earwig, Forficula auricularia , in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P Hill ◽  
Matthew Binns ◽  
Paul A Umina ◽  
Ary A Hoffmann ◽  
Sarina Macfadyen
Keyword(s):  
Human Influence ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Distribution Limits ◽  
European Earwig

scholarly journals Daily energy balance and eating behaviour during a 14-day cold weather expedition in Greenland

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 968-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyne Charlot ◽  
Didier Chapelot ◽  
Philippe Colin ◽  
Cyprien Bourrilhon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Reward Value ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Energy Compensation ◽  
Cold Energy

We assessed energy compensation, appetite, and reward value of foods during a 14-day military expedition in Greenland realized by 12 male French soldiers, during which energy compensation was optimized by providing them with easy-to-eat palatable foods in excess. Although daily energy expenditure (estimated by accelerometry) stayed relatively constant throughout the expedition (15 ± 9 MJ·day−1), energy intake (EI; estimated by self-reported diaries) was 17% higher during the D8–D14 period compared with the D1–D7 period, leading to a neutral energy balance (EB). Body fat mass (BFM) significantly decreased (–1.0 ± 0.7 kg, p < 0.001) but not body mass (BM). Neither hunger scores (assessed by visual analog scales) nor components of the reward value of food (explicit liking (EL) and food preference) were significantly altered. However, changes in EL at D10 were positively correlated with changes in BM (r = 0.600, p < 0.05) and BFM (r = 0.680, p < 0.05) and changes in hunger in the EI of the relevant period (r = 0.743, p < 0.01 for D1–D7, r = 0.652, p < 0.05 for D8–14). This study shows that the negative EB and BM loss can be attenuated by an appropriate food supply and that subjective components of eating behaviour, such as hunger and EL, may be useful to predict the magnitude of energy compensation. Novelty Energy intake increases during of a 14-day expedition in the cold. Energy compensation was likely facilitated by providing participants with easy-to-eat palatable and familiar foods. Hunger scores and EL for energy-dense foods were associated with high EIs and low BM changes.

Detailed comparative morphology of the peri-oral structures of the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea (Crustacea): an indication for the food preference

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. De Jong-Moreau ◽  
B. Casanova ◽  
J.-P. Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Meganyctiphanes Norvegica ◽  
Molar Process

Scanning microscope investigations were carried out on mandibles, labrum and paragnaths of several species of Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Gut content analyses were in agreement with morphological observations. It appears that the morphology of the peri-oral structures and especially of the mandibles reflect the feeding habits, and that the well known relationships between the size of the molar process and the incisor one, i.e. a large molar process is associated with herbivorous feeding, is not always verified. Bacescomysis abyssalis and Bentheuphausia amblyops are believed to be mostly saprophagous, Boreomysis inermis and Meganyctiphanes norvegica are mostly phytophagous, Hemimysis speluncola is omnivorous, while Siriella armata and Thysanopoda orientalis are carnivorous species.

Lupin grain yields and fertiliser effectiveness are increased by banding superphosphate below the seed

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jarvis ◽  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Content ◽  
Better Than

Five field experiments with lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) measured the effectiveness, for production, of 4 superphosphate placements either: (i) drilled with the seed to a depth of 4 or 5 cm; (ii) applied to the soil surface (topdressed) before sowing; or (iii) banded 2.5-5 cm and 7.5-8 cm below the seed while sowing. Levels of applied phosphate (P) from 0 to 36 kg P/ha were tested. In all experiments lupin grain yield responded to the highest level of superphosphate applied. At this P level, the average grain yield from all trials was 1.16 t/ha for the deepest banded treatment. This was 0.38 t/ha (49%) better than P drilled with the seed, and 0.62 t/ha (115%) better than P topdressed. Relative to superphosphate drilled with the seed and regardless of the lupin cultivar or the phosphate status of the soil, the effectiveness of superphosphate was increased by 10-90% by banding below the seed, and decreased by 30-60% by topdressing. Increasing the levels of superphosphate drilled with the seed generally reduced the density of seedlings and reduced early vegetative growth, probably due to salt or P toxicity. However, during the growing season, the plants treated with high levels of superphosphate recovered, so that eventually yields of dried tops and grain responded to increasing superphosphate drilled with the seed. In each experiment there was a common relationship between yield and P content in lupin tissue, regardless of how the superphosphate was applied, suggesting that lupins responded solely to P, and other factors did not alter yield. We recommend that farmers band superphosphate 5-8 cm below the seed while sowing, rather than continue the present practices of either drilling the fertiliser with the seed, or topdressing it before sowing.

scholarly journals Arthropod Infestation Levels on Mandarins in California

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2335-2342
Author(s):  
Bodil N Cass ◽  
Lindsey M Hack ◽  
Tobias G Mueller ◽  
Darian Buckman ◽  
Elizabeth E Grafton-Cardwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Citrus Red Mite ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
European Earwig

Abstract Integrated pest management (IPM) guidelines for horticulture are typically established from years of experimental research and experience for a crop species. Ecoinformatics methods can help to quickly adapt these guidelines following major changes in growing practices. Citrus production in California is facing several major challenges, one of which is a shift away from sweet oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Sapindales: Rutaceae] toward mandarins (including mostly cultivars of C. reticulata Blanco and C. clementina hort. ex Tanaka). In the absence of IPM guidelines for mandarins, growers are relying on pest information developed from oranges. We mined a database of management records from commercial growers and consultants to determine densities for four arthropod pests: cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Maskell Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), citricola scale (Coccus pseudomagnoliarum Kuwana Hemiptera: Coccidae), European earwig (Forficula auricularia Linnaeus Dermaptera: Forficulidae), citrus red mite (Panonychus citri McGregor Acari: Tetranychidae), and a natural enemy, predatory mites in the genus Euseius (Congdon Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Densities of cottony cushion scale were approximately 10–40 times higher in the two most commonly grown mandarin species than in sweet oranges, suggesting this pest is reaching outbreak levels more often on mandarins. Densities of the other pests and predatory mites did not differ significantly across citrus species. This is a first step toward establishing IPM guidelines for mandarins for these pests; more research is needed to determine how arthropod densities relate to crop performance in mandarins.

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