Pheromone released from polyvinyl chloride dispensers disrupts mate-finding and pheromone-source location by Rhopobota naevana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in cranberries

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
James T. Troubridge ◽  
Celine Maurice
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Blackheaded Fireworm ◽  
Rhopobota Naevana ◽  
Field Plots

AbstractBlackheaded fireworm (Rhopobota naevana (Hbn.)) mating can be disrupted by pheromone components released from spiral polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dispensers in large field plots on cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon (Aiton) (Ericaceae)) farms. The main pheromone component ((Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (Z11-14:Ac)) or a blend similar to natural pheromone (Z11-14:Ac, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (Z11-14:OH), and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z9-12:Ac)) was released from PVC dispensers into 0.8-ha plots on cranberry farms. Regardless of the treatment, free-flying males in treatment plots located fewer than 5% of individually caged virgin females, whereas mate location in most control plots ranged from 14%–75%. Location of pheromone lures loaded with 1.0 mg of the three-component blend was reduced in both treatments, but not to the same extent as was location of females. The magnitude of mating disruption indicated by 0.01-mg lures was similar to that indicated by caged females. Estimated release rates from dispensers loaded with Z11-14:Ac alone were linear and similar in both years of the study, declining from 575–720 mg/ha per day to 175–220 mg/ha per day after 100 days. Three-component dispensers placed in the field in July 1994 showed a steeper decline in release rates of Z11-14:Ac and a change in component ratios from 6.2:2.5:1 to 8:2:1 (Z11-14:Ac: Z11-14:OH: Z9-12:Ac) over the 60-day release period. After one season of mating disruption, the number of eggs and the number of foliar samples with larval feeding shelters were not consistently reduced in treatment plots. Mated females may have dispersed into the plots and oviposited. PVC dispensers effectively disseminate pheromone for mating disruption but are labor-intensive to use. In the cranberry system, their use might be limited to research plots and isolated farms of <8 ha.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mating Disruption and Insecticide Application for Control of Peachtree Borer and Lesser Peachtree Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in Peach

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Frank ◽  
Stephen Starcher ◽  
Rakesh S. Chandran
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Lesser Peachtree Borer ◽  
Peachtree Borer ◽  
Male Mate ◽  
Peach Trees

The peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa, and lesser peachtree borer, S. pictipes, are economically important indirect pests of peach in West Virginia. The purpose of this 3-year study was to compare the efficacy of mating disruption and post-harvest trunk sprays of chlorpyrifos insecticide for control of this pest complex in a commercial peach orchard. Overall, Isomate PTB-Dual disruption dispensers applied at a rate of 371/ha significantly disrupted the male mate-finding behavior of S. exitiosa and S. pictipes. In addition, the infestation of peach trees by S. exitiosa larvae did not vary significantly between mating disruption and insecticide treated plots. Hot-spot maps of S. exitiosa infestation showed significant spatial clusters of infestation predominately near the perimeter of all orchard plots, or where trees were missing within and/or between rows. The generation of standard deviational ellipses revelated that the location of S. exitiosa infestations in orchard plots remained relatively constant between years, and were generally oriented in a north and easterly direction, which coincided with the prevailing wind direction. Although our data indicated that mating disruption can provide growers with an effective non-chemical alternative to chlorpyrifos trunk sprays, several variables may affect its long-term success in West Virginia peach orchards; most notably the presence of high population densities, problems with maintaining adequate pheromone coverage, and the need for area-wide implementation.

Sex pheromone of blackheaded fireworm,Rhopobota naevana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a pest of cranberry

1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Slessor ◽  
J. Raine ◽  
G. G. S. King ◽  
S. J. Clements ◽  
S. A. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Blackheaded Fireworm ◽  
Rhopobota Naevana

scholarly journals Multiple Mating in the Citrophilous Mealybug Pseudococcus calceolariae: Implications for Mating Disruption

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Ricciardi ◽  
Andrea Lucchi ◽  
Giovanni Benelli ◽  
David Maxwell Suckling
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Flight Tunnel ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Pseudococcus Calceolariae ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Extended Duration

The citrophilous mealybug Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) is a primary pest of various crops, including grapevines. The use of insecticides against this species is difficult in most cases because its life cycle includes an extended duration of eggs, juveniles, and adults under the bark and on the roots. Pheromone-based control strategies can present new eco-friendly opportunities to manage this species, as in the case of Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Planococcus citri (Risso). With this aim it is critical to understand behavioral aspects that may influence pheromone-based control strategies. Herein, the capability of males to fertilize multiple females was investigated, trying to understand whether this behavior could negatively impact the efficacy of mass trapping, mating disruption, or the lure and kill technique. Results showed that a P. calceolariae male can successfully mate and fertilize up to 13 females. The copulation time in subsequent mating events and the time between copulations did not change over time but the number of matings per day significantly decreased. In a further experiment, we investigated the mate location strategy of P. calceolariae males, testing the attractiveness of different loadings of sex pheromone on males in a flight tunnel. Males constantly exposed to 16 rubber septa loaded with the sex pheromone showed a significant decrease in female detection at 1 and 30 μg loadings (0.18 and 0.74 visits per female for each visit per septum, respectively), whereas in the control about 9.2-fold more of the released males successfully detected the female in the center of the array of 16 septa without pheromone. Male location of females in the control (45%) was significantly higher than in the arrays with surrounding pheromone (5% and 20% at 1 and 30 μg loadings, respectively). Mating only occurred in the control arrays (45%). This study represents a useful first step to developing pheromone-based strategies for the control of citrophilous mealybugs.

Evaluation of Release Rates of Dursban From Polyvinyl Chloride Formulations2

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1870-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry L. Nelson ◽  
William W. Barnes ◽  
Frank W. Harris ◽  
Marvin A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Release Rates

scholarly journals Sex-Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption Technology for the Oriental Fruit Moth,Grapholita molesta(Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Overview and Prospects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei N. Kong ◽  
J. Li ◽  
Ren J. Fan ◽  
Sheng C. Li ◽  
Rui Y. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Normal Orientation ◽  
Competitive Attraction ◽  
New Formulation

A great deal of progress has been made over the last three decades in research on pheromone-mediated mating disruption technology for the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta(Busck). Pheromones can interrupt normal orientation, and the most likely mechanism of pheromone disruption, competitive-attraction (false-plume following), invokes competition between point sources of pheromone formulation and females for males. This technology, performed by broadcasting pheromones into orchards to disrupt mate finding, has been successfully implemented in oriental fruit moth control. Reservoir-style dispensers made of polyethylene tubes, which release pheromone throughout the full growing season, are the current industry standard. Although reasonably effective, they require labor-intensive hand application. Recently, a new formulation, paraffin wax, which maximizes competition between point sources of synthetic pheromone and feral females for males, was shown to have high disruption performance. As this formulation is highly effective, inexpensive, and easy to produce, further study and development are advisable. Increased understanding of the principles of mating disruption will aid in the design of more effective dispensers. Continued research is needed to meet grower concerns with regard to risk, efficacy, and cost and to identify other semiochemicals that can be applied to this delivery system. Greater knowledge of the integration of different biological control methods is therefore essential.

MATING DISRUPTION WITH SYNTHETIC SEX ATTRACTANTS CONTROLS DAMAGE BY EUCOSMA SONOMANA (LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE, OLETHREUTINAE) IN PINUS PONDEROSA PLANTATIONS: I. MANUALLY APPLIED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE FORMULATION

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Sartwell ◽  
G. E. Daterman ◽  
L. L. Sower ◽  
D. L. Overhulser ◽  
T. W. Koerber
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Chemical Mixture ◽  
Low Dosage

AbstractA chemical mixture highly attractive to males of western pine shoot borer, Eucosma sonomana Kearfott, were dispensed from manually applied polyvinyl chloride releasers on 15 ha of ponderosa pine plantations during spring 1978 near Bly, Oregon. Mating disruption treatments, replicated 4 times, were 3.5 g/ha from 100 releasers/ha spaced at 10 m, and 14 g/ha from 400 releasers/ha spaced at 5 m. Both were equally effective; the number of damaged terminal shoots was reduced 83.0% with the low dosage and 84.2% with the high dosage.

scholarly journals Sex Pheromone Aerosol Devices for Mating Disruption: Challenges for a Brighter Future

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benelli ◽  
Lucchi ◽  
Thomson ◽  
Ioriatti
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competitive Mechanisms ◽  
Brighter Future

Pheromone-mediated mating disruption (MD) represents an important tool to manage insect pests in agriculture and forestry. MD relies on the release of synthetic sex pheromones from dispensers in crops, interfering with mate finding and reproduction of a pest through both competitive and non-competitive mechanisms. MD programs primarily rely upon “passive” dispensers, used at high densities per hectare (200–3000 units∙ha−1). In addition to the labor required for their application, another disadvantage of “passive” dispensers is the continuous release of pheromones, regardless of the time of day or the pest flight activity. Aerosol delivery systems can overcome the drawbacks of passive dispensers as they are applied at far lower density (2–5 units∙ha−1) and they can be programmed to release pheromones at selected time intervals when the target pest is active. However, the mode of action of aerosol dispensers is still not well understood and there are concerns of whether they are as effective as passive dispensers. This review focuses on the history of aerosol dispensers, mode of action, and effectiveness on various crops; deployment strategies; and the movement of pheromone once released. Limitations of aerosols and challenges for future research and commercial use are discussed.

A MODIFIED LIVE-TRAP FOR ASSESSING MATING DISRUPTION OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
James T. Troubridge
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Method ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Live Trap ◽  
Number Of Males

In field studies of pheromone-mediated mating disruption of lepidopteran pests, there are several ways to determine if mate location has been disrupted. One indirect method is to count the number of males caught in sticky traps baited with synthetic pheromone. A reduced catch in pheromone-treated plots relative to control plots shows that males were unable to find the source of synthetic pheromone and suggests that mating has been disrupted. More direct methods are: (1) to count the number of males attracted to sticky traps baited with virgin females; or (2) to assess the incidence of mating of (a) feral females collected in light-, bait- or other traps, (b) females caged with males in pheromone-treated areas, or (c) virgin females placed in the field and later retrieved. Females may be tethered with thread to non-sticky traps or partially dealated and placed on a “mating table” from which they cannot escape.

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